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Considering the recent change in teaching methods from teacher-centered to student-centered, and the existence of a gap in student-centered education models, this research aimed to design a reverse learning model and investigate the effectiveness of the resulted educational program on the academic engagement and the sense of belonging to the school of the senior high school students. The research was developmental in nature, with a sequential exploratory mixed-method design adopting meta-synthesis and quasi-experimental approach. The research scope included all scientific articles and documents published from 2011 to 2021. The validity of the articles was checked via the CASP, the validity and reliability of the meta-synthesis was checked by the Laushe and the Scott’s pi tests respectively. Finally, to implement the educational intervention, 40 male and female senior high school students of Bukan were selected by standardized random sampling method and assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The research instruments included Rio's academic engagement questionnaire (2013), Brown and Evans' (2002) sense of belonging to school questionnaire as well as the researcher designed reverse learning package. Based on the meta-synthesis of the related studies, 4 categories, 8 concepts, and 23 codes for reverse learning were discovered, labeled, and confirmed based on which, a training package was designed and implemented in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. The results showed that reverse learning model has a positive and significant effect on students' academic engagement and belonging to school (sig<0.05).

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی و طرح واره درمانی بر تنظیم هیجان و تحمل پریشانی زنان دارای نشانه های وسواس فکری عملی انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی همراه با پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی زنان دارای وسواس فکری عملی مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره شهر مشهد در سال 1402 بودند که بر اساس ملاک های ورود و خروج 48 نفر به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل گمارده شدند. شرکت کننده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تنظیم هیجان (گراس و جان، 2003) و مقیاس تحمل پریشانی (سیمونز و گاهر، 2005) در مراحل پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 26 و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس- مختلط نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین گروه های مداخله با کنترل در تنظیم هیجان و تحمل پریشانی وجود دارد( 0/05P<). شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی و طرح واره درمانی منجر به بهبود تنظیم هیجان و افزایش تحمل پریشانی شده است. شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی مؤثرتر از طرح واره درمانی در بهبود تنظیم هیجان است. نتیجه گرفته می شود که می توان در برنامه درمانی مراکز مشاوره از شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی و طرح واره درمانی در جهت بهبود تنظیم هیجان و افزایش تحمل پریشانی زنان دارای نشانه های وسواس فکری عملی استفاده نمود.

This study quantitatively explored a causal model of the association between two focal self-regulation constructs (executive functioning and effortful control) and social school readiness in preschoolers. The population comprised all preschool children and their mothers who resided in Tehran (2018-2019). With the help of their mothers, 342 children with a mean age of five years completed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB; 1994), the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (Very Short Form) – (CBQ-VSF; 2006), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; 2001), and the Social School Readiness Scale (1982). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 22. Effortful control and socio-emotional competence significantly affected social school readiness (p<0.01). Moreover, executive functioning affected social school readiness, mediated by effortful control in the alternative model (p<0.01). These findings expand the existing early childhood research by specifying the link between two major aspects of self-regulation and social-emotional school readiness. An integrative approach considering the behavioral and neuropsychological measurements of self-regulation would help elucidate the predictors of social school readiness in early childhood.

Objective: The increase in divorce rates has led to many studies on divorce prevention. The present study was conducted with the objective of comparing the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy in the ego strength of couples on the verge of divorce.   Methods:  The design of this quasi-experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the couples on the verge of divorce in martyr Motahari family court complex in Mashhad in 2019. Sixty couples who referred to Bahar Divorce Counseling Center in Mashhad were selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (i.e., emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy) and a control group. There were 20 couples in each group. The instrument included Ego Strength Questionnaire (Markstrom & Marshall, 2007). In addition, one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 25). Results: Both intervention methods were effective in strenthing the ego of the couples on the verge of divorce (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the effectiveness of both methods sustained over time. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of the effectiveness. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists in the field of couple and family therapy use the two methods of emotionally focused couple therapy and self-regulation couple therapy in order to strengthen the ego of the couples with challenges.

Objective:  The present study aims to determine the forecast of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and coping styles regarding teacher marriage burnout. Methods: The population of the study includes 550 married elementary school teachers in the city of Esfarayen (2021). Sampling was done based on the intended society (550 teachers). To do so, 225 teachers were selected using Morgan Table. Data-collection instruments include Paine’s Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996), Nis and Vander Walj’s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, Endler and Parker’s Coping Style Questionnaire, and Bayer et al.’s Five-scale Mindfulness Scale (2006). Finally, the collected data were analyzed by Spss24 software. Results: Findings of the study indicated that the total mindfulness score and the subscales (i.e. action with awareness, lack of judgment, and lack of response) had a significant correlation with marriage burnout. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the total score of psychological flexibility and the subscales– understanding controllability, understanding various options, and understanding behavior justification– and marriage burnout. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between problem-focused coping style and marriage burnout. Also, avoidance coping style had a significant positive correlation with marriage burnout. Conversely, no significant correlation was found between emotional coping style and marriage burnout. Furthermore, according to the regression model, 26.3% of marriage burnout changes could be determined by lack of judgment (mindfulness), lack of response (mindfulness), problem-focused coping style, and avoidance coping style. Conclusion: Overall, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and coping styles were significant predictors of teacher marriage burnout. Therefore, teacher marriage burnout could be alleviated by creating some potential.