درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In today's communities achieving to effectiveness of urban advertising is one of troubles of advertisement industry. This research is trying to answer this question that using three-dimensional design in urban advertising has what place in urban field? This query has been conducted in the method of iconological analysis on chosen urban advertising works of last 15 years in the world with the goal of achieve to volume effect on effectiveness of public advertisement. Results show that reason of effectiveness of chosen urban advertising (billboard) of last 15 years in the world (2000-2015) is -due to public audience of commercial advertisement and services- using volume display in the amount of 86.7% which among this number 83.3% of them have interacted with around environment space.

Today country success in economic, social, political , cultural and tendencies are the hostages and pawns of coherent and dynamic didactic system and approved; The education and didactic programs for qualification improvement and dynamism need to evaluate and scrutiny quantitatively and qualitatively. Current study started with the goal of presenting faculty competency evaluation for the reason of qualitative improvement of Islamic Azad University. Research in term of how to collect and compilation the data is descriptive- survey and in term of goal and target type is practical that by doing general scrutiny in literature and subject history and past, we drawled the theoretical frame and conceptual model in this study. Nominee educational members opinions (faculty members (self- assessment), supervisors (superiors), students (clients) of Fars stat Islamic Azad different universities, are the research society. In this research with researcher evaluation in 24 active units in Fars state, approximately 125000 persons examined. That sample volume selected by the clustered random sampling method (kerjesi and Morgan formula), 380 persons, for the reason of collecting dates we used a researcher questionnaire that its validity confirmed by the specialists and its stability calculated by using the Kronbakh’s Alfa method 0.84.Researche questionnaire includes effective component in competency in five general axis, collects the data. Then with using 360 degree evaluation method, executed. For the data analysis me used descriptive statistic method and elicitation statistic (fact oral analysis, vilkakson and Friedman) that the results of the study as follows: 1.drawing the model of competency evaluation of faculty (main dimension of evaluation indexes of faculty competency’s).2.in the field of evaluation of current situation from the dimensions and competence skill parameters, ethical values, role, personal, favorable status exists. But in the performance and functional dimension and its subcomponents unfavorable status and lower than average level evaluated and the results of ranking of evaluation of dimensions of competency’s of faculty in order the most priority is related to skill dimension and the least priority is related functional and performance dimension.

on one hand, Iran due to the low annual rainfall and lack of appropriate spatial and temporal distribution in precipitation is considered as an arid and semi-arid country experiencing stress and water scarcity; on the other hand, 90% of annual water consumption has been allocated to agriculture sector in Iran and efficiency and productivity of water consumption do not enjoy favorable status in this sector. While it can overcome this problem by use of virtual water criterion in trade with the countries which enjoy water status such as Turkey. In this regards, the present study has examined this issue in form of selected agriculture goods based on common indices for detection of trade opportunities. Cosine criterion indicated that the degree of similarity and complementary of Turkey’s export with Iran is greater than structural similarity of Iran’s export with Turkey. With regard to trade potential calculations, Iran and Turkey have high export capacity in trade of agriculture goods. Further, Index of Drysdale indicated that the possibility for development of trade from Turkey to Iran is greater than trade from Iran to Turkey and ultimately adjustment of Balasa index based on virtual water trade process indicated that Iran should change its import and export priorities at area of agriculture products. Further, results from research indicate that applying virtual water criterion and removing the products lacking relative advantage in trade between Iran and Turkey result in increase in export of Turkey’s agricultural products to Iran and increase in Iran’s benefit in trade of virtual water.

Although liability under general tort and contract law principles is not limited to a certain amount, liability arising under a carriage contract is limited by the majority of international transport conventions and national legislatures and, there are certain reasons given to justify the “essential departure from the current rules of civil law” and it is common for the liability of the carrier to be limited under the international regimes regarding transportation. The limitation of liability, which is nowadays considered to be a basic right rather than a privilege, is not a matter of justice, but merely a matter of public policy. Naturally, under modern transport law regimes, willful misconduct is not the only situation whereby the carrier or ship-owner loses his right to limit. Conventions regarding means of transportation, particularly road carriage, also employ provisions for breaking the limits. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of willful misconduct and gross negligence of road carrier in CMR, CVR, and COTIF 1999 (CIM and CIV) conventions and for this purpose admitted solutions in said convention is discussed.