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The Effect of Corruption on Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Quite often shadow economy (SE) and corruption are seen as ""twins"", which need each other or fight against each other and theoretically can be either complements or substitutes. Therefore, the relationship between SE and corruption has been a controversial and polemical issue and in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economists and social researchers.
The main objective of this study can be served as an investigation and identification of the effect of corruption on SE and its dependence on the level of development. To test our two hypothesis , the econometric panel-data approach is employed for the period of 1999 to 2007 in two blocks of 25 countries containing high-developed and developing countries (including I.R.IRAN) under deferent indexes for corruption in the context of Static and Dynamic panel regression models(by using of 2SLS and GMM methods of estimation).
The results of estimations specially based on dynamic panel models indicate that our two hypotheses cannot be rejected and corruption has a significant effect on SE depending on the level of development. Despite of these findings, our results show that there is no robust relationship between corruption and the size of the SE in terms of the sign and the nature of these effects. In other words, the relationship will vary according to different corruption indexes and estimation methods. Other findings have been described in the terminal sector of paper.
اثر تبعیض اقتصادی بر بیکاری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
بیکاری یکی از مشکلات اساسی اقتصاد در کشورهای مختلف، از جمله ایران است و پیش نیاز برطرف ساختن این مشکل، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر آن است. در این پژوهش اثر متغیرهای اقتصادی همچون نرخ رشد اقتصادی، تبعیض اقتصادی و نسبت موجودی سرمایه به نیروی کار و متغیرهای جمعّیتی همچون مهاجرت و نسبت نرخ مشارکت مردان به نرخ مشارکت زنان بر روی نرخ بیکاری در استان های ایران بررسی شده است. داده های این پژوهش داده های استانی برای دوره زمانی 1384 تا 1392 است و مدل پژوهش با روش پانل دیتا برآورد شده است که بر پایه آن اثرگذاری متغیرها بر روی نرخ بیکاری روشن شده است. از میان متغیرهای وارد شده در مدل، شاخص تبعیض اقتصادی بین منطقه ای، با استفاده از متغیرهای مختلف از جمله بودجه جاری و سرمایه ای استان ها، وسعت، جمعّیت، بی سوادی، بیکاران، ارزش افزوده و امید به زندگی محاسبه شده و نتایج گویای آن بود که اثرگذاری تبعیض اقتصادی بر روی نرخ بیکاری استان ها، در سطح اطمینان مرسوم، اطمینان بخش نیست (85 % است).
نریز و نپاش
Corporate diversification’s effects on Efficiency and productivity: case study of Manufacturing firms listed in Bursa Malaysia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
In the past few years, diversification has turned into a highly controversial issue amongst numerous managers in almost each and every business. It is contended by many that diversification is vitally important and highly effective especially when it comes to evaluating the financial performance. There are several studies about the relationship between diversification and financial performance. However, there is no agreement that diversified firms are more efficient than focus firms. In this paper, the manufacturing firms listed in Bursa Malaysia are ranked based on their efficiency scores calculating by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models and the effect of diversification on the efficiency scores of these corporations have been investigated. Moreover, by slack analysis, the proposed improvement strategies for inefficient firms have been cited. Ultimately, the Malmquist index of productivity (MIP) has been utilized to further comparison and analysis.