بابک داریوش

The term lifestyle, which had first been set forth by Alfred Adler in 1929, quickly entered other areas of science. Different scholars have stated various definitions of this term in different scientific fields. The general definition of this term is the social and cultural changes in the everyday life of the people. The major changes in lifestyle in the contemporary times have been made by the increased efficiency of modernity and technology in people's lives. Modernity entered Iran in Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar era; but, its effects in construction are seen in the last 50 years after the adoption of comprehensive urban plans. These changes have changed the content and function of the traditional home and turned them into apartments. The subject of the study is District 9, Tehran, which is located in the central axis of Tehran and has been less invaded by the rapid development. Thus, the gradual changes in the texture and housing in that area can be studied. The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in apartments in the last 50 years in Tehran. The main question was how the spatial changes of the elements of residential apartments in Tehran was. The results showed that among the changes the ratio of spaces - bedroom, living room, and dining room and kitchen - in the 10 and 15-year intervals, the ratio of the average kitchen size in residential apartments has not changed during 50 years. However, the ratio of the average size of the bedroom and living room and dining room spaces during this period has changed greatly, but regression to the initial point was obtained at the end.

The main purpose in this research is A Study on Socioeconomic status Effects on Private Universities Architecture Students’ Educational Motivation. Since students could have a great role in reconstructing and improving the society through proper planning, studying students’ issues and their attitudes toward higher education with an insight of internal motivation and talents is among the main duties for higher education programmers. Considering the issue significance, the following research tries to study socioeconomic status effects on private universities architecture students’ educational motivation. Using the determining factors in students’ socioeconomic status, the research studies the relation between this status and students’ major, educational motivation, motivations in entering private universities and their job prospects. The statistical society for this research included 12 public and private universities and 306individuals were selected to answer the research questions through stratified random sampling. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square) were used. Results suggest that there is a significant relation between university type and major on the one hand and students’ socioeconomic status. But there is no significant relation between educational motivation and job prospective with students’ socioeconomic status.

Mountains are of high importance in Iran due to the particular geography of this land. In addition to being ecologically significant, mountains offer multiple functions for Iranians that makes these natural elements to have different meanings for people to the point that most of the mountains adjoining residential areas have special names. In this regard, this research tries to study Alborz Mountains as the most important historically and ecologically mountains in Iran where Tehran, the most populated city and the capital of Iran, is located. Research in this area shows that the function of Alborz Mountains have changed for the people over time or have declined to a lower status. These mountains do not have their previous position in the minds of the people, and the authors believe that Iranians used to be consider Alborz Mountains as a cultural element with objective and subjective aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the functions of Alborz Mountains and to study the relationship between mountains and people over time in order to find the meaning of the Alborz Mountains in terms of documentary and historical studies. The results of the research show that based on the conceptual scope of the landscape approach (which is a holistic and objective-minded approach to nature), the city and the mountains in general are not the main reasons for negligence of Alborz Mountains in the minds of people. In addition, the mountains for the people of Tehran, who are the main inhabitants of Alborz Mountains, are no longer a cultural landscape element with objective and subjective aspects. The objective aspects of mountains have been gradually disappeared or decreased considerably due to the loss of their objective functions and these elements have been eventually transformed into subjective elements.

The main purpose in this research is recognition of dimensions of sustainable architecture. Today, one of the most necessary complicated and delicate specifications of architecture that architects face with is the issue of stability in various types of its comments and interpretations. The issue of sustainability is interpretable and general from many aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the qualified of this adjective (architecture and its related categories). In the record of bringing this discussion up, we face with titles such as Green architecture², Sustainable development³, etc. But the purpose of this article is the study of the nature and recognizing the circumstances and essence of sustainability in all fields that architecture involves in. The innovation of this study is attentive to creating the recognition and feeling the fact of dimensions of sustainability that is studied in procedure of library research, a case sample, and proposal of common but insufficient ideas related to this discussion. This article is devoted to 3 point of views including main environmental, cultural (value), and technical, and it tries to take the proposed topics under the subjection of this 3 factors in an orderly way (presenting a modern pattern) and the minor factors are studied under the subjection of these 3  main factors.

This paper explores the impact of modernization and globalization on Iranians' cultural and identity-based relationship with the environment, resulting in a loss of mental and semantic dimensions. This has led to environmental numbness and disregard for the natural world. The study argues that virtual education can complement holistic education and provide a platform for Iranians to learn about the mental and semantic aspects of their relationship with nature, thereby restoring their sense of connection to the natural world. The paper suggests that virtual education can help develop environmental awareness, critical thinking skills, and social responsibility while providing access to educational resources for individuals who may be geographically or socially isolated. Integrating virtual education into formal and non-formal education in Iran can play a critical role in promoting sustainable development, addressing environmental challenges, and preserving cultural identity. The study uses qualitative and descriptive research methods.