تبیین نسبت و هم سویی هنر پاپ و پراگماتیسم (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از مهم ترین شاخصه های هنر پاپ رویکرد انتقادی آن نسبت به زیبایی شناسی ایدئالیستی است؛ علاوه بر این برخی نشانه ها حاکی از آن اند که می توان بین این جریان هنری و مکتب فلسفی پراگماتیسم قایل به نسبت هایی بود. با توجه به اینکه پراگماتیسم به دنبال پیامد های عملی امور است و معیار ارزیابی را وابسته به نتایج می داند، به نظر می رسد که بتوان آن را با خصوصیت های کارکردی هنر پاپ درنسبت دانست. پژوهش حاضر در هدف به دنبال شناخت و تحلیل نسبت های میان هنر پاپ و پراگماتیسم است؛ بر این اساس داده های ضروری به روش اسنادی گردآوری شده اند که در نهایت بعد از توصیف به روش کیفی مورد تحلیل قرار می گیرند. تلاش شده است تا در تحلیل داده ها، میان شاخصه های پراگماتیسم و هنر پاپ مطابقت صورت گیرد. براساس نتایج می توان چنین اذعان داشت که هنر پاپ به عنوان یکی از مهمترین جریان های هنری نیمه دوم سده بیستم علاوه بر مبانی نظری، از سیر ایده پردازی و انتخاب موضوع تا نوع متریال و کیفیات فرمی و اجرایی آثار در نسبتی مشخص با اندیشه پراگماتیستی است. نکته ی دیگر اینکه با توجه به نظریه ی هنر پراگماتیستی و تاثیرپذیری هنر پاپ از آن، همزمان نقد هنر هم از نقد ارزشی و داورانه گذر کرده و رویه ای نسبیت گرا و توصیفی اتخاذ می کند.Explaining the Relationship between Pop Art and Pragmatism
One of the most important features of Pop Art is its critical approach to idealistic aesthetics. In addition to this characteristic, one can find other characteristics in Pop Art that show the relationship between Pop Art and the philosophical school of pragmatism. Pragmatism, as a philosophical school, takes a critical approach to the philosophy of idealism. Pragmatism looks for the practical consequences of affairs and establishes evaluation criteria dependent on these results. According to the followers of this approach, a proposition is true if it can be considered valid in the context of a practical effect. In other words, the meaning of a proposition should be sought in its practical consequences.The philosophers of pragmatism, like the idealists, were not indifferent to the theory of art and beauty; John Dewey was one of the most important philosophers of this school. His book Art as Experience proposes pragmatic features in the theory of art. According to these features, pragmatism can be considered one of the trends influencing art in the second half of the 20th century.At the same time, Pop Art, as one of the important artistic currents in the second half of the 20th century, seems to have a significant relationship with the philosophical school of pragmatism. An accurate understanding of Pop Art depends on the detailed evaluation of its pragmatist characteristics. In its main purpose, the current research seeks to identify and analyze this relationship. Therefore, the questions addressed by the current research can be stated as the followings:- In addition to its critical opposition to idealist aesthetics, what pragmatic qualities does Pop Art contain, and what kinds of thought and philosophical foundations underpin this pragmatic quality?- How can the processes of ideation, topic selection, execution, and presentation in Pop works be understood in relation to the philosophical school of pragmatism?- What changes in valuation and critical judgment result when idealist aesthetics give way to a kind of public aesthetics?With these questions in mind, the necessary data have been collected through documentary methods and written sources which have been analyzed qualitatively. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that Pop Art is influenced by the philosophy of pragmatism in addition to the critical approach to idealistic aesthetics.In addition to the theoretical foundations of the Pop movement, pragmatism also influences the process of ideation, the choice of topic and content, formal qualities, and performance of the works. In the context of the execution of the works, the use of techniques borrowed from commercial printing or what was introduced under the general title of "process abbreviation" expresses a pragmatic quality. The Pop movement influenced by pragmatism gives art a practical character and considers it a medium of communication. In addition, according to pragmatism's approach to art, Pop Art can be said to have a dialogue-oriented characteristic, so it cannot be evaluated by mere aesthetic criteria. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that in art criticism, valuation and judgment become relativistic and descriptive criticism.
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