مکان یابی اکوکمپ گردشگری مذهبی در غرب ایران (مطالعه موردی: منطقه نمونه گردشگری ویس القرن، استان کرمانشاه) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
احداث اکوکمپ های گردشگری از راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری پایدار است که در صورت کاربست آنها در منطقه های نمونه گردشگری مذهبی می توان ضمن حفاظت از آثار معنوی و تاریخی، جذابیت و ارزش اقتصادی آنها را به شدت افزایش داد. منطقه نمونه گردشگری ویس القرن یکی از منطقه های نمونه گردشگری استان کرمانشاه است که هر سال تعداد زیادی از گردشگران را به سوی خود جذب می کند. مکان یابی اکوکمپ گردشگری در این فضای گردشگری می تواند گام مهمی در راستای تحقق هدف های گردشگری مذهبی پایدار در این فضای گردشگری باشد؛ از این رو هدف اصلی پژوهش کمّی و کاربردی حاضر، مکان یابی اکوکمپ گردشگری در منطقه نمونه گردشگری ویس القرن در استان کرمانشاه است. برای دستیابی به هدف اصلی پژوهش از 12 معیار ارتفاع، شیب، زوایه تابش سالانه خورشید، زمین شناسی، فاصله از نقاط زمین لغزش، فاصله از رودخانه، فاصله از جاده، کاربری اراضی، شاخص تفرق پوشش گیاهی، فاصله از قبرستان، فاصله از بارگاه ویس القرن و فاصله تا سایت پرواز پاراگلایدر و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نیز از روش Overlay و Weighted Sum در نرم افزار ArcGIS استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد از مجموع 39/219 هکتار فضای بررسی شده برای احداث اکوکمپ گردشگری، حدود 2/32 هکتار در پهنه بسیار مناسب، 03/55 هکتار در پهنه مناسب، 76/60 هکتار در پهنه به نسبت مناسب، 73/45 هکتار در پهنه نامناسب و 66/25 هکتار در پهنه بسیار نامناسب قرار گرفته است. پهنه بسیار مناسب مذکور به لحاظ موقعیت در بخش جنوب، جنوب شرقی و قسمت محدودی از آن در بخش غربی محدوده مطالعاتی قرار گرفته است.Locating Religious Tourism Eco-Camps in the West of Iran (Case Study: Sample Area of Weis Al-Qarn Tourism, Kermanshah Province, Iran)
Establishing tourism eco-camps is a key strategy for sustainable tourism development, particularly in religious tourism destinations, as it enhances their appeal and economic value while preserving spiritual and historical sites. Weis Al-Qarn, a popular tourist destination in Kermanshah Province, attracts a significant number of visitors annually. Introducing a tourism eco-camp in this area can be a crucial step towards achieving sustainable religious tourism objectives. Hence, this quantitative and applied research aimed to identify an appropriate location for a tourism eco-camp in the tourist area of Weis Al-Qarn in Kermanshah Province. To accomplish this objective, 12 criteria, including elevation, slope, annual solar radiation angle, geology, proximity to landslide areas, distance from the river, distance from roads, land use, vegetation differentiation index, distance from cemeteries, distance from the court of Weis Al-Qarn, and proximity to paragliding sites, were employed. The data analysis involved using the overlay method and the Weighted Sum tool in ArcGIS software. The research findings revealed that out of the total investigated area of 219.39 ha for the tourism eco-camp construction, approximately 32.2 ha were classified as highly suitable, 55.03 ha as suitable, 60.76 ha as moderately suitable, 45.73 ha as unsuitable, and 25.66 ha as highly unsuitable. The highly suitable area was predominantly located in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area with a limited portion in the western section.Keywords: Religious Tourism, Sample Tourism Areas, Location, Wais al-Qarn, Kermanshah. IntroductionWeis Al-Qarn Shrine situated in Kermanshah Province serves as a significant site for religious tourism. The presence of a paragliding flight site in its vicinity coupled with the pristine and captivating natural landscape surrounding it adds to the allure of this tourist destination. With the growing recognition of the role of religious tourism in fostering sustainable development within host communities, researchers have shown increasing interest in this domain. However, the existing studies predominantly focus on shrines located in urban areas, while those situated in rural and sparsely populated regions have received limited attention. Presently, one of the major challenges faced by our country in tourism is the lack of accommodation facilities and services for tourists. Offering diverse accommodation options that cater to the preferences of tourists can attract a broader range of visitor groups. Consequently, identifying suitable areas for tourism development, specifically for the establishment of eco-camps, is a crucial concern for tourism planners. In line with this objective and to maximize the benefits of tourism while minimizing environmental degradation in these tourist sites, the concept of designing eco-camps based on the principles of ecotourism and sustainable development has been proposed. Considering the current circumstances of religious tourism in the country, including the research gap concerning non-urban religious tourism and inadequate accommodation infrastructure for religious tourists, Weis Al-Qarn Shrine faces similar challenges. Therefore, in this study, the researchers aimed to address the following question: What are the favorable locations for constructing eco-camps to enhance religious tourism in the area of Weis Al-Qarn Shrine? Materials and MethodsThis study adopted a quantitative and applied research methodology, combining documentary methods (analysis of relevant articles, organizational data, etc.) and surveys to gather expert opinions and insights. The research process can be summarized as follows:The initial step involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature and extraction of the key components and criteria for locating tourism eco-camps. Next, the necessary layers for identifying suitable locations for the eco-camp were prepared. The third stage involved data processing, analysis, and synthesis. Finally, the results were presented through the preparation and interpretation of final plots. Research FindingsTo achieve the main objective of this research, 12 criteria were utilized, including elevation, slope, annual solar radiation angle, geology, distance from landslide areas, distance from the river, distance from roads, land use, vegetation differentiation index, distance from cemeteries, distance from the court of Weis Al-Qarn, and proximity to the paragliding flight site. The research findings revealed that out of the total investigated area of 219.39 ha for the construction of a tourism eco-camp, approximately 32.2 ha were classified as highly suitable, 55.03 ha as suitable, 60.76 ha as moderately suitable, 45.73 ha as unsuitable, and 25.66 ha as highly unsuitable. The highly suitable area was predominantly located in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area with a limited portion in the western section. Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe extensive geographical area identified for the establishment of a tourism eco-camp offers significant opportunities for the development and diversification of tourism activities in the exemplary tourism area of Weis Al-Qarn. Religious tourism holds great significance in Islam and contributes to various dimensions of sustainable development. Given the limited existing studies in this field, this study serves as a foundation for future research on the subject matter. It provides valuable insights that can inform and inspire further investigations in this area.
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