بررسی نقش توسعه حمل و نقل محور (TOD) در بازآفرینی کاربری اراضی شهری (نمونه موردی: ایستگاه مترو میدان ساعت شهر تبریز (خط یک)) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
افزایش جمعیت و ابعاد شهرنشینی در دنیای امروزی منجر به آشفتگی در فضاهای شهری، کاهش کارایی کاربری ها، گسترش مشکلات حمل و نقلی و اختلال در برنامه ریزی های میان مدت و بلند مدت برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار شهری شده است؛ از این رو مشکلات فوق سیاست گذاران و برنامه ریزان عرصه مدیریت شهری را بر آن داشته است تا با تدبیر ها و رویکردهای متناسب، گامی در راستای پاسخگویی به این مشکلات بردارند. رویکرد توسعه حمل و نقل محور (TOD) در پژوهش حاضر (Transit-Oriented Development) به عنوان یکی از راه حل های موجود برای پاسخگویی به آشفتگی ها ارائه شده است. در این رویکرد کوشش می شود تا با ایجاد تغییراتی در مجاورت سیستم های حمل و نقل عمومی بر عواملی چون بازآفرینی کاربری های اراضی پیرامون و جابه جایی کالا و خدمات اثر گذار باشد. ایستگاه مترو میدان ساعت (خط یک) در منطقه دو شهرداری تبریز به دلیل مشکلات عدیده، بافت فرسوده و تراکم زیاد، پتانسیل مناسبی را برای تبدیل شدن به مرکز TOD دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر آن است که نقش توسعه حمل و نقل در بازآفرینی کاربری اراضی پیرامون ایستگاه مترو شهر تبریز بررسی شود تا به دنبال آن محیطی دوستانه براساس معیارهای TOD ایجاد شود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش شناسی توصیفی_تحلیلی با هدف های کاربردی بوده که به صورت تهیه پرسشنامه و داده های استخراج شده از نرم افزار GIS (Geographic Information System) انجام و نیز برای بررسی نتایج از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) (Analytical Hierarchy Process) استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش برمبنای تحلیل 4 معیار اصلی و 9 زیر معیار اثرگذار نشان دهنده اهمیت گزینه های افزایش بازده اقتصادی، افزایش کارایی سیستم حمل و نقل عمومی است که این عوامل به همراه افزایش تراکم به ترتیب با امتیاز های 25/0، 183/0 و 161/0 و برحسب اولویت انتخاب و سپس براساس آنها برنامه ریزی کاربری زمین پیشنهاد شده است.The Role of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Urban Land Use Regeneration (Case Study: Tabriz Meydan Sā'at Metro Station (Line 1))
Background: The rapid growth of global population and urbanization has resulted in disorder in urban spaces, diminishing their effectiveness and exacerbating transportation issues. Furthermore, the lack of foresight by urban managers in long-term planning has hindered sustainable urban development. Consequently, policymakers and urban planners have been compelled to address these challenges through appropriate measures and strategies. The Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) approach has been presented as a viable solution to these disruptions. This approach aims to revitalize surrounding land uses and improve the movement of goods and services by making adjustments in the vicinity of public transportation systems. The metro station of Meydan Sā'at (Line 1) in the two-municipality area of Tabriz City holds significant potential to evolve into a TOD center due to its numerous challenges.Objective: The research endeavored to foster sustainable development, cultivate a welcoming environment, and restructure land use in accordance with TOD criteria.Research Method: The methodology employed was descriptive-analytical with practical objectives and the research was conducted through the preparation of a questionnaire, data extraction from GIS software, and the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).Findings: Upon analyzing 4 primary criteria and 9 influential sub-criteria, the results underscored the significance of options, such as enhancing economic efficiency, improving the public transportation system's effectiveness, and increasing density with the selection priority scores of 0.25, 0.183, and 0.161, respectively.Keywords: Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Regeneration of Urban Land Use, Metro Station, Meydan Sā'at, Line 1 IntroductionContemporary urban transportation system design involves formulating comprehensive urban plans to maximize the alignment between urban development policies and the need to reevaluate land use in accordance with urban network characteristics. Coordinated and simultaneous planning for transportation and other influential urban factors, such as land use and density, can reduce citizens' time and cost in utilizing urban spaces to fulfill their needs. However, the lack of attention to this issue and continuation of separate planning for individual elements hinder the achievement of an optimal city shape and structure, particularly given the escalating population and traffic trends in cities. This situation leads to increased costs for citizens to access different parts of the city and transforms traffic problems into formidable challenges for city managers. Consequently, utilization and spatial distribution of urban lands play a crucial role in optimizing urban space usage. In general, defining land use encompasses various types of land use, density, land use per parcel, building height, architectural appearance, and integration of commercial, residential, and healthcare facilities within each neighborhood. In response to emerging urban issues, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and haphazard city expansion, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has been proposed as an advanced perspective. Sustainable development, through the interconnectedness of transportation and urban development within the framework of smart growth and new urbanism movements, emphasizes public transportation to foster healthier societies and a more dynamic economy. By integrating transportation planning and land use, this approach aims to curb the scattered expansion of physical development and marginalization of cities. Materials & MethodsIn line with the research objectives, a descriptive-analytical research method based on document analysis and library studies was employed with a practical orientation. Consequently, data collection involved a synthesis of global experiences, the structure and principles of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), and the information extracted from GIS software to elucidate the research theoretical foundations. Field observations were also conducted to gather the necessary data and information within the study scope. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Expert Choice software were utilized to analyze and evaluate the data derived from the completed field reports. In this context, the criteria and sub-criteria for regenerating the land use of Meydan Sā'at Station (Line 1) were selected based on an investigation of the study area and relevant fundamentals. Subsequently, expert opinions were incorporated through the creation of questionnaires to facilitate pairwise comparisons.Research FindingsEvaluation of the sub-criteria revealed that "increasing economic efficiency" held the highest importance with a score of 0.232 in the economic criterion followed by "increasing the efficiency of the public transportation system" at 0.183 in the traffic criterion and "increasing density" at 0.161 in the economic criterion. Consequently, revisions were made based on the priority of the criteria and sub-criteria. Conversely, "increasing social interactions" scored 0.058 in the social criterion, "expansion of green space" scored 0.044 in the environmental criterion, and "increasing the safety of pedestrians" scored 0.064 in the traffic criterion indicated their relatively minor roles in achieving the research goals. Additionally, "increasing public services" scored 0.095 in the economic criterion, "expanding green space" scored 0.044 in the environmental criterion, "reducing biological pollution" scored 0.077 in the environmental criterion, and "reducing parking" scored 0.086 in the traffic criteria were identified as next in priority. Discussion of Results & ConclusionSuccessful development of Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) hinges on the convergence of numerous intricate factors, including social conditions, demographics, economic conditions, political support, and promotion of alternative transportation among others. However, without a solid foundation, these factors become inconsequential. Therefore, the researchers’ objective in this study, based on the conducted research and theoretical concepts, was to assess the influential elements in integrating the efficiency of public transportation systems and land use according to TOD criteria with a focus on land use intensification within a city. To this end, analysis, evaluation, and prioritization of the research criteria and sub-criteria were conducted by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Expert Choice software. The results obtained from the AHP technique indicated that the "economic," "social," and "environmental" criteria held the weights of 0.48, 0.27, and 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, the sub-criteria of "increasing economic efficiency," "enhancing transportation system efficiency," and "general transportation" followed by "increasing density" emerged as the most significant factors with the respective weights of 0.232, 0.183, and 0.161. These findings aligned with the results of previous studies by Rafiyan et al. (2011), Saatian et al. (2010), Faramarzi Asli et al. (2021), and Mirfatahi et al. (2021).