آرشیو

آرشیو شماره ها:
۵۸

چکیده

وظیفه مهم نقطه در خطِّ نستعلیق، تعیین اندازه ها، زاویه قلم خوشنویس و نیز ترکیب بندی سطر و قطعه است که در آثار هر خوشنویس، متمایز از دیگری است. هدف اصلی این مقاله شناخت اصول حاکم بر چلیپاهای منتخب میرعلی هروی بر اساس بررسی زاویه قلم گذاری، کرسی و پراکندگی نقطه ها از منظر اصول و مبانی هنر های تجسمی در آثار منتخب وی است. مولفه های حاکم بر این مطالعه شامل1- زاویه نقطه گذاری 2- قطر افقی نقطه نسبت به کرسی3- کرسی و موقعیت نقطه ها و پراکندگی بوده و در پی پاسخ به این سوالات است: زاویه قلم گذاری نقطه و قطر افقی نقطه نسبت به کرسی در آثار میرعلی هروی چیست؟ وضعیت کرسی نقطه ها و پراکندگی آنها در آثار میر علی هروی چگونه است؟ اصول شناخت اصل و جعل آثار میرعلی هروی با تکیه برسنجش نقطه چیست؟ گردآوری اطلاعات به روش کتابخانه ای با بررسی کیفی نقطه در چلیپاهای منتخب انجام و به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی ارائه شده که ماحصل آن شناخت سبک نقطه گذاری میرعلی است. اگرچه زاویه نقطه گذاری در نستعلیق 62 تا  5/63 درجه شناخته شده، اما تحلیل آثار میرعلی هروی نشان می دهد که زاویه دست هر هنرمند در آثار گوناگون و نیز نسبت به آثار دیگران متفاوت بوده و اختلاف زیاد در آن می تواند گمانه غیرِاصل بودن اثر را تقویت کند.

Recognition Principles of Mir Ali Heravi’s Calligraphy Style According to Pen’s Angle and Dot’s Baseline*

Dot is the first and the most important element in Islamic calligraphy. The most important function of the dot in Nasta’liq script is to determine scales, calligrapher’s pen’s angle, and also line and specimen compositions. This fact can differ in each individulal calligrapher. So, the main goal of this research is to study the pen’s angle, baseline, and dot’s scattering in Mir Ali Heravi’s selected Chalipas based on fine art principles which has done according to: a) pen’s angle b) horizontal diameter of the dot toward baseline c) baseline itself and dots’ positions and scattering. Therefore, these questions are going to be analyzed and answered in this paper: According to baseline in Mir Ali Heravi’s artworks, what are the pen’s angle of the dot, and the horizontal diameter of the dot? What about the position of the dots’ baseline and their scattering in Mir Ali artworks? What are the principles for recognizing the forged and original artworks of Mir Ali Heravi based on the evaluation of the dots? In this research, the method of data collection was desk-baesd, and the descriptive-analytical method was used to study the qualitative review of the dots in Mir Ali selected Chalipas. The results show his dots’ style. The method in this article is descriptive-analytical and it is a practical research. The gathering information method was documentation, and statistical methods, computerized measurement, bibliographic, and also visual observations by authors were used. Statistical society of this research was Mir Ali’s Chalipas. The size and angle of the script may be varied based on the calligrapher’s desire. Due to studies done on selected Chalipas, Mir Ali Heravi’s nib was medium. It is deduced that the least angle is 50 degrees and the most angle is 66 degrees and the average pen’s angle is 60 degrees. Among 108 studied dots, 25 of them are 60 degrees. This result doesn’t show a vast number of differences but this important tip must not be forgotten that dots’ angles are not similar to each other because this is the proportion principle in Nasta’liq. Also, a tremendous difference between angles can show that the artwork is not original and it is forged. Another reason is the method alteration, pen’s nib and the specifications of using pen. Generally, it is believed that the dots’ angles in Nasta’liq are 62 till 63.5 degrees but studying Mir Ali artworks shows us that hand’s angle of each artist can be different and also it can be different in each artwork of each artist. Huge differences in this issue can make us think that some artworks are not original and they can be forged.  

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