بازتاب شخصیت آفرینی در اشعار عاشورا (با تمرکز بر اشعار شاعران یزد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این جستار با هدف کشف شخصیت شناسی اشعار عاشورایی به شیوه توصیفی، تحلیلی و استشهادی، ویژگی های شخصیت در این نوع شعر بررسی می شود. شاعر آیینی با کمک مؤلفه هایی مانند ستایش مردان بزرگ، احیای فرهنگ عاشورا و هویت یابی، به توصیف شخصیت این حادثه می پردازد. رفتار و اخلاق شخصیت ها در اشعار عاشورایی استوار است و در موقعیت های مختلف، اعمالی متناسب ایفا می کنند؛ آنچنان که برای هرگونه تغییر رفتار خود دلیل قانع کننده ای دارند و در برخورد با حوادث، واکنش منطقی از خود نشان می دهند. در این نوع اشعار شخصیت های داستان ساخته و پرداخته شاعر نیست؛ بلکه آنچه هست، به تصویر کشیده می شود؛ به طوری که در دنیای ساختگی شعر و دنیای بیرون شعر و در گستره متن حوادث، به آن توجه می شود و وحدت دوسویه شاعر و مخاطب به وجود می آید. بیان شخصیت های عاشورایی گاه با تفسیر و گاه بی تعبیر، خواننده را با ماهیت شخصیت آشنا می کند؛ اینجاست که بازتاب ویژگی های درونی شخصیت عاشورایی، جریان سیال ذهن را به فرهنگ عاشورا می کشد. شاعر عاشورایی با نگاه به عاشورا و گفتمان های خودآگاه یا ناخودآگاه به بازآفرینی شخصیت عاشورایی می پردازد.Reflection of Character Creation in Ashura Poems: A Case Study of the Poems of Yazd Poets
In the present study, with the aim of investigating the personality of Ashurai poems, the character traits in this type of poetry have been investigated using a descriptive-analytical method. The ritual poet describes the character of this incident with the help of components such as praise of great men, the revival of Ashura culture, and identification. The behavior and morals of the characters are based on Ashurai poems and they perform appropriate actions in different situations, as they have a convincing reason for any change in their behavior and show a logical reaction when dealing with incidents. In this type of poem, the characters of the story are not created by the poet, but what is depicted is considered in the fictional world of the poem and the outside world of the poem and in the context of the events. The expression of Ashurai characters, sometimes with interpretation and sometimes without interpretation, makes the reader familiar with the nature of the character. This is where the reflection of the inner characteristics of the Ashurai character draws the fluid flow of the mind to Ashura culture. Introduction The character is the central factor around which the whole story revolves. Other factors get their objectivity, perfection, meaning, and concept and even the reason for their existence from the personality factor. Religious figures have red lines approaching them is not for everyone. In fact, the character is the industry that gives soul and life to the story and the reader demands it. The main character of the ritual poem opens the knots and becomes the main character of the narrative and the center of the power of the audience. Secondary characters in Ashurai poems are attracted to the main characters and accept their ideals. Materials and Methods In the present descriptive-analytical study, the personality analysis of Ashura poems has been carried out with a case study of the poems of Yazd religious poets in the post-revolutionary period using the survey and library approach. Research Findings The Ashurai poet does not seek the idealism and mythologizing of the Ashurai character in ritual poetry, but the idealistic character himself. With this initiative, he revives the broken relationship between the individual and the community, and finally implements the social construction with a symbolic order. The revival of Ashura culture, identification, formation of collective identity, anthropology, etc. are the most important basis for the creation of Ashurai characters; therefore, the main characters of Ashurai poetry find a social face. In other words, the characters of Ashurai poetry are dynamic and all-around characters that cause the dynamism and mobility of the society, and there is no trace of any "standard" or "static" character in these poems. The Ashurai poet recreates the characters of Karbala by looking at the culture of Ashura, the people of the society, and the real characters, together with the tools of his imagination and artistic talent. He puts all the elements of the speech in direct relation to the action and reaction of the character in order to objectify his thoughts and emotions with this method and to train "individual" and "type" characters with his Ashurai speech. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The expression of Ashura characters, sometimes with interpretation and sometimes without interpretation, makes the reader familiar with the nature of the character. This is where the reflection of the inner characteristics of the Ashura personality draws the fluid flow of the mind to the Ashura culture. The Ashurai poet recreates Ashurai’s personality by looking at Ashura and conscious or unconscious discourses. The characterization of religious and Ashura poems has differences from the characterization of other poems. The difference between Ashurai characters and myths is that the characters of Ashurai poetry are reasonable and acceptable, which is considered one of the strengths of this type of poetry. The main criterion of being a character is his determining role in the plot of words and stories. It may be that during the events, depending on the circumstances of the event, the words, actions, and behavior of the dynamic characters in Ashurai poems cannot be predicted, but these changes work together with a pattern of behavior and this factor itself is proof of human dynamism. The character in these poems is alive, and the Ashurai poet, unlike Ferdowsi, does not try to create a superhuman or holy character. This is not a sign of the poet's lack of artistic or visual talent in creating a character, but rather, he narrates the real self of the character. The formation of events and moving forward are other characteristics that can be seen in the characters of this type of poetry. The poet establishes a coherent relationship between the characters. In other words, the poet, with his special intelligence and elegance, recounts the prevailing thoughts and opinions of the society through the use of various elements such as action, dialogue, environment, space, etc. It should be noted that in Ashurai poetry, all the verses are written for a character from Ahl al-Bayt.
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