دگرگونی فرآیند ادراکِ اثر هنری در نسبت میان نشانه و مفهوم (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
درک و دریافت مناسب از نسبت میان نشانه ها و مفاهیم، همواره در وابستگی به فرآیند ادراک رخ می دهد و در یک مواجهه هنری، دگرگونیِ مسیر ادراک، ایجاد شگفتیِ فارغ از هر گونه عادت وارگی مألوف را به دنبال دارد. این پژوهش در تلاش است تا با تکیه بر دو ساحت آشنایی زدایی و فرآیند نشانگی، به تحلیلی بر مسئله فرآیند ادراک و چگونگیِ دگرگون سازی مسیر آن بپردازد. هدف پژوهش، بر تبیین زمینه های ایجاد این دگرگونی در وابستگی به ریشه های مشترک میان این دو ساحت استوار است که به شیوه توصیفی– تحلیلی و در راستای مطالعه منابع مکتوب کتابخانه ای، صورت گرفته است. یافته ها نشان داد که طراح اثر در راستای تبیین هستی هنر، هدف و شگردهای هنری، زبان بصری بدیعی خلق نموده و مخاطب نیز به منظور نیل به آن، در دریافت متعلق نشانه شناختی، نمود و تفسیر، با تکیه بر ادراک حسی، عقلی و خیالی خویش، اهتمام می ورزد. لذا دگرگونی حاصل، در فرآیند ادراک و در نسبت با نظام نشانه ای و مفاهیم وابسته، نه تنها در ایجاد لذت ذهنی و عینی مخاطب و تجربه زیبایی شناختی وی اثر می گذارد، بلکه مدت زمان ماندگاری آن را در ذهن افزون می سازد.The Process of Perception of Art Works from the Perspective of the Relationship between Defamiliarization and Semiosis
An artistic encounter always has a coherent set of interactions, centered around three main factors of the work, the audience and the designer; which on the one hand, is based on the interaction between the forces of the individual elements on different arrangements and, on the other hand, relies specifically on the interaction between the constructive purposes of the artwork and the viewer. Here, the most important fact is the perceptual processes that take place in dependence on human existence. These processes, arising from the individual perception of the designer and the viewer, in an artistic event and in the ratio between the sign and the concept, always have a metamorphic change, which besides creating diversity in sign forms, always causes the audience to be pleasured in advanced combinations. An appropriate understanding of the relationship between signs and concepts always occurs in connection with the perception process; and in an artistic confrontation, a change of perception path would lead to a surprise beyond familiar habits. Perception is a way of discovering that in its evolutionary process and in the passing from the objective form of signs in order to get their inner meanings has always had a different and variable interchange with thought, fantasy, and experience. This research aimed to analyze the perception process and the way of changing it by the help of defamiliarization and semiosis. Defamiliarization is an important applied concept in the theories of art and literature introduced by Viktor Shklovsky in the article “Art as Technique”. However, an access to the changing path of familiar rules in art requires an attention and passing from semiosis domain in an artistic confrontation, which always has shared goals with the context of defamiliarization. In the explanation of his thoughts, Charles Sanders Peirce defined semiosis as an interaction between sign, object and interpretation. By the aim of exploring shared roots of defamiliarization and semiosis, this research aimed to answer the question what factors are involved in making relation between de-familiarization and semiosis, and how it is possible to change perception process to meet their demands. To achieve the objectives, a qualitative research based on a descriptive – analytical method was conducted. Data gathering was also done through studying documents and paperback or electronic books. that transformation in the process of artistic perception can be analyzed depending on two main factors; The sign system and the symptom process, which firstly takes into account the designer and then the viewer of the artwork and in presenting the same and different proportions between the sign and the concept affects the variable perception trend and their pleasure.The findings showed that the artist created an innovative visual language in order to explain the world of art and artistic goals and techniques; the audience tried to get the point, sign and concept by the help of his/her emotional, rational and fantastic perception. Therefore, the change in perception process and in relation to the connected sign systems not only affects the audiences’ mental and physical pleasure and his/her aesthetic experience, but also augment its durability in mind.
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