مطالعه فلزکاری سلجوقی با تکیه بر رویکرد ویکتوریا دی. الکساندر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ویکتوریا دی. الکساندر، جامعه شناس معاصر، در نقد و تکمیل دو رویکرد بازتاب و شکل دهی که به تأثیر و تأثر جامعه و هنر می پردازد، «الماس فرهنگی تعدیل شده» خود را ارائه می کند و به نقش کلیدی توزیع کنندگان جامعه هنری تأکید می ورزد. یکی از هنرهای شاخص ایرانی فلزکاری است که در دوره سلجوقی فراز و رفعت بی نظیری در تاریخ هنری ایران رقم می زند. نوآوری، پیوند و تکامل از خصوصیات هنر این دوره است که جا دارد در جهت دریافت سیر تحول و تکاملی جامعه و هنر ایران بررسی شود. این پژوهش، به شیوه تاریخی توصیفی و تحلیلی، در بخش تولید، نظام صنفی جامعه و جایگاه فلزکاران به وجه شکل دهی جوامع هنری رهنمون می شود. مصرف کنندگان و مخاطبان نیز طبقه متوسط جامعه، سلاطین و درباریان معرفی شده اند که بر پایه نوع تقاضا بر جامعه هنری سلجوقی نفوذ کرده اند. در ادامه و براساس نقش مهم توزیع کنندگان و حامیان هنری، چگونگی شکل گیری و ارتباط این جوامع و سبک سلجوقی بررسی و به دلیل نداشتن منابع کافی، جامعه آماری شامل بیست اثر فلزی از دوره سلجوقی و ساسانی انتخاب شد. در ادامه، با ارائه نمودارهایی، فلزات، تکنیک های ساخت و تزیین آثار مقایسه شده و درنهایت، نظام توزیع سلجوقی پاسخ ساختار اسلامی جامعه را یافته است.Studying Seljuk Metalworking by Relying on Victoria D. Alexander Approach
Abstract
Victoria D. Alexander, contemporary sociologist, presented her “modified cultural diamond” in completing and criticizing two approaches of reflect and forming and emphasizes key role of art world’s distributors.reflect approach is based on this fact that art always narrates from society and forming approach covering eide range of theories. Their common is the idea that art having influence on society. Alexander rejects this simplistic relation among art and society and she involves options of producers, consumers and more significant distributors and curators of art society and she represents this new approach by using “modified cultural diamond” metaphor. Continuity of art in traditional societies depends on redeployment of beliefs and customs and one of the most brilliant eras of Iranian art which begins with the Seljuk arrival to this territory. The importance of Seljuk art is that it established a dominant position in Iran and determined the future development of art in the Iranian world for centuries. In many cases the artists of the Seljuk period consolidated, and indeed at times perfected, forms and ideas that had long been known. The stylistic innovations introduced by the Iranian architects of this period were, in fact to have vast repercussions, from India to Asia Minor. Developments, growth and prosperity of Islamic Iran circumfuses in both Political, social and economic fields and artistic, cultural and scientific ones. Most metal objects of the Seljuk period were made of copper, bronze and brass. The precious metals of silver and gold were not used. The objects were cast and often displayed pierced or enameled decor. Forming a powerful government and the correlation of religion and government in Iran is a turning point in reaching the prevailing opinions and artistic perceptions that grows for the first time in Iran after Islam. For this reason Metal objects from the Seljuk period and of the principalities that followed are found in various museums and collections. Important developments and innovations contributed to the renown of Seljuq art. Beginning in the second half of the twelfth century. One of significant arts in Iran is metalwork which led to a great era in Iran’s art history Seljuk period. Innovation, connection and evolution are among characteristics of this period which should be studied to understand Iran’s society’s and art’s changing and evolution procedure. Present research leads to aspect of forming art societies in the section of production, society’s trade union and place of metalworkers. users and the second person were also society’s middle class, kings and courtiers that entered Seljuk’s art society based on type of requirement. in fallowing and based on the important role of art distributors and supporters, we stud how Seljuk style and societies are formed and connection of these items that due to lack of enough resources, its statistical society includes 20 metalwork from Seljuk and Sassanid period and finally have found Society’s Islamic structures the answer of Seljuk distribution by presenting and comparing diagrams of metals, techniques of creation and decoration.
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