مقایسه تطبیقی دو نگاره راجستانی و گورکانی هند، شری راگا و جهانگیرشاه بر سریر ساعت شنی، از نگاه زیبایی شناختی و نمادشناختی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هند، سرزمین مردمانی است که با لبخند از کنار کسانی که به هیچ یک از عقاید آنان باور ندارند عبور می کنند. هنر هند، دارای سبک ها و مکاتب موازی بسیاری بوده و تأثیرات خارجی فراوانی را نیز پذیرفته است. این تأثیرات، گاهی نهادینه تر از نمودهای داخلی دیده می شوند. به نظر می رسد هنر هندوستان آن چنان که تشنه پذیرش عناصر بیگانه است، اشتیاقی به یکپارچه سازی سبک های داخلی ندارد. حال سؤال اصلی آن است که هریک از مکاتب هنری هند از کدام مذاهب تأثیر پذیرفته و به چه میزان به ریشه های آیینی و سنتی خود وفادار مانده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر آن است که با مقایسه دو نگاره از مکاتب راجستانی و گورکانی، میزان تأثیر آن ها بر یکدیگر و نفوذ شاخصه های اعتقادی دو آیین هندو و اسلام را در آثار تطبیق دهد. یافته ها نشان می دهد دو اثر یادشده، از دیدگاه زیبایی شناختی به اصول سنتی خود وفادار بوده اند؛ اما نگاره شری راگا، از دیدگاه نمادشناختی، تأثیرات اسلامی را نمایان می سازد و تصویر جهانگیرشاه، دارای نشانه هایی از میتراییسم و هندوییسم است که نشانه نفوذ مذهب سبک در شکل گیری آثار است.Comparative Analysis of Both Rajisthani and Gurkany Paintings of India: Raga Shri and Jahangir Shah on Hourglass Throne from Aesthetic and Symbolical Perspectives
India, is a land of different nations who smile with those people who do not believe any of their opinions. Along with the arrival of Islam in India by Arab merchants in 712 AD, the followers also continued to exist side by side with others, and formed part of the multi - religious society until Gurkaniyans came to power. But, at this time, the local governments of different faiths and beliefs still had their place, but sometimes they had not peaceful coexistence and many wars and conflicts also occurred between them. Nevertheless, association of different religions in India and the establishment of laws, such as cultural integration by Mughal kings has been led to integration of different beliefs and opinions and new religions such as Sikh have been developed from the integration. This regulation came into existence as a conscious effort to harmonize Islam and Hinduism. Sikh religion is in fact a compilation of beliefs, Hinduism and Islam Which are the two major religions in India. These new religions have major effect on India’s Art. According to studies, it can be said that Art in the Indian subcontinent essentially belongs to religious systems of Brahma, Hindu, Buddhism, Jain, Islam, Sikh, naturism, and Christian. The art has in fact styles many parallel styles, schools and Methods and has been subjected to many external influences .Sometimes these influences are seen more institutionalized than the internal representations. It seems that Indian art is so hungry for acceptance of foreign elements, has no desire to integrate internal styles. In fact, the influx of different influences on artists has led to the Indian art could not develop a characteristics style with a fixed properties. However, the application of all elements and Ingredients in the art is always to express symbolic purposes of an artist. Now the main question is that, which religions have effected each of the schools of Rajasthani art and Gurkany art and to what extent they have been faithful to their traditional roots and ritual. The purpose of this study is to compare the two paintings index of Rajasthani and Gurkany schools, their effects on each other and assess the influence of beliefs characteristic of Hinduism and Islam in the works and assessing and comparing the accuracy of works, study and analysis the similarity in order to achieve their artistic characteristics of each style. To achieve these goals, used the descriptive analytical method. The results show that two works from an aesthetic point of view have been faithful to their traditional and religious principles. But the image of Sri Raga shows Islamic influences from the symbolic perspective and the image of Jahangir Shah is faithful to Indo - Iranian Aryan origins and has sings of Mithraism and Hinduism. This could indicate the influence of Sikh religion in the formation of the two works. The impact of cultural integration policies Akbar Shah at this era is apparent and obvious and a suitable context for the growth of these emerging religions has been provided.
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