پوشاک ایرانی ایزد مهر، نمادی شرقی در فرهنگ و تجلیات میترا در غرب (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پوشاک مردمان ِایران زمین در دوران باستان از مواردی است که نقش بسزایی در فرهنگِ این سرزمین ایفا می کند و در پوشاک ایزدمهر، الگوی ایرانی را می توان دید. با حضور این کیش در اروپا، پوشاک ایرانی مهر به عنوان لباس میترای غربی در نقش معروف تاورکتونی (گاو کشی) متجلی شده است. پس از حضور کیش مهر در اروپا، مسیحیت ظهور کرد و علی رغم عناد مسیحیان و از بین بردن مظاهر مهرپرستی، این آیین در دل مسیحیت متبلور، استحاله گردید و موجب شد تا عناصر آن در نهاد این دین رسوخ کند که امروزه به عنوان اصلی ترین و شناخته شده ترین عناصر و نمادهای آن به شمار می آیند. یکی از این عناصر، پوشاک و کلاه ویژه ی مهرپرستان است که حتی در جزییات نیز مسیحیت از آن پیروی تام کرده است. رنگ ارغوانی برگرفته از پوشاک اشرافی هخامنشیان و لباس ایزدمهر که امروزه به عنوان رنگی مقدس در لباس پاپ و کاردینال ها است، نمونه ای از این تجلیات است. در این مقاله، ابتدا پوشاک ایزد مهر با توجه به ماهیت ایرانی آن و سپس سیر تحول و تطور آن در میترای غربی و پوشاک مسیحیت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.Iranian Garment of Izad Mehr and its Influence on Mithraism and Christianity
Abstract One of the most ancient religious rituals expanded throughout many Asian and European countries was Mehr Faith or so called western Mithraism According to the ancient texts, it has Iranian roots but the lack of documents including bas-relief or artistic works in general as well as the scarcity of remnants has caused the historians to be doubtful and skeptic about its origin to the extent that even some researchers have brought up the theories signifying that what they have in the west as the Mithraism is different from that of Iranians. Never the less, varieties of dimensions of this ideology have so far been disclosed enough to wipe out the ambiguity dust from history. The main reason for not having sufficient proofs about Mithraism is its mysterious entity from one side and its coincidence with the two major contemporaneous religions of Christianity and Zoroastrianism from the other side. So these objections could be the main causes for many worthy historical documents including movable and immovable properties to be obliterated. The idea of this research is first to study about the conformity of the Iranian costume of Izad e Mehr (Mehr Deity) regarding its designs with the traditional dress of ancient tribes based on the documentaries in hand to trace its very origin. For instance there is a different type of traditional tribal dress in Persepolis (Takht- e – jamshid) high reliefs that demonstrate the costumes and dress design like sakaeid and Mad dress that influence on Mehr garment and as result on western Mithras dress and finally on Christianity garment and continue to these days that use for holy ceremony of Christianity as dress of pop and cardinals. Second, to compare it with the type of costumes depicted on the remnants of patterns and high-relief left from the bull sacrificing ceremony (Tauroctony) after the presence of this religion in the west to indicate and prove its Iranian origin. And finally to review the commonalities of some costume elements of Mithraism with primitive Christianity and church authorities’ dressings based on the transmutation of Mehr religion or Mithraism with the very soul of Christianity. For instance you can see these Mithraism elements in painting of Christianity that holy Jesus put garment like Mehr that is even so similar in detail, form, color (the red color that especially used by Akamenid kings and aristocrats in their specific ceremonies as sign of patrician) and that’s especially red cape and even nowadays(this cape was known as cape of liberty after that in Rome the murderer of Cesar used it) we can see that cape in frigid cap that called mitre in pop's garment in religious ceremony. This perhaps could be one step forward to have a better understanding of such mysterious religion and clarifying the sign that shows oriental essence of Mithras that was in ambiguity for the repetitious year. The essay is a study utilizing the analytical and descriptive style of research and the collection of subjects and information is through library and documentation procedure.
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