زیباشناسی تصویر کارگر در آثار نقاشی سه دهه پایانی سده نوزدهم تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی آثار ماکسیمیلیان لوس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
منظور مارکس از توده ها، کارگران صنعتی به آگاهی رسیده ای بود که قادر به ایجاد تغییر در شرایط زندگی و در دست گرفتن چرخه تولید بودند. او صنعت ماشینی را عامل اصلی فاصله طبقاتی ندانسته و معتقد بود که تسلط طبقه قدرت بر تکنولوژی، ماهیت آن را به نفع خود تغییر داده است و کارگران قادر به تغییر شرایط موجود به شرایط مطلوب هستند. این پژوهش با طرح این پرسش که نقش آرای فلسفی مارکس در خلق آثار هنری مربوط به طبقه کارگر چیست؟ به بررسی مولفه های زیباشناسی تصویر کارگر در آثار نقاشی سه دهه پایانی سده نوزدهم پرداخته و بر این فرض استوار است که ساختار هنر در این برهه آغازی بر تاثیرپذیری هنر از فلسفه مارکس در حوزه ماشین، تکنولوژی و تشریح جامعه در دوران صنعت در حیطه کار و سرمایه بود. برای تبیین فرضیه، گفتمان آثار نقاشی ماکسیمیلیان لوس با موضوع کارگر مورد تحلیل انتقادی قرار گرفته است. آثاری که بازتابی از دو گانه آرای مارکس مبنی بر ظالمانه دانستن زندگی صنعتی و تاثیر منفی آن بر زندگی کارگران، و از سویی ضرورت وجود ماشین برای کاهش کار سخت در آرمان شهر او بود. این تحقیق بر اساس ماهیت و روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی و روش گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه ای است.The Aesthetics of the Image of the Worker in the Paintings of the Last Three Decades of the Nineteenth Century Critical Discourse Analysis of the Works of Maximilian Luce
M arx meant of the masses, the industrial workers of consciousness who were able to change living conditions and control the production cycle. He did not blame the machine industry for the class gap, and argued that the dominance of the ruling class over technology had changed its nature in its favor. The difficult work, low wages and living problems of the workers, as the most important drivers of the industrial, production and economic cycle, have historically fueled labor strikes and protests. Class conflict and social injustice resulting from capitalist domination led to struggles and strikes of the working class, and these protests in 1864 with the establishment of the first international workers 'organization and finally in 1871 with the formation of the first workers' commune government. Meanwhile, the events of the last three decades of the nineteenth century turned art and literature into a platform for reflecting the social and political conditions of the time. The works of art created in this historical period narrate the critique and display of daily life, the problem of labor and injustice of the capitalist society, the life of working women and children, and the description of the demands and struggles of the working society, their encouragement to reach a world without Exploitation. The question that arises here is what is the role of Marx's philosophical views in the creation and production of works of art related to the working class? According to the research, the structure of art in the last three decades of the nineteenth century was the beginning of the impact of art on Marx's practical philosophy in the field of machine, technology, social relations and the description of society in the machine in the field of labor and capital. According to Marx, advanced machine tools did not cause a change in social hierarchy and class distance, but rather the domination of the ruling class over technology, which changed its nature in its favor. The approach of social art at this time was the working class's awareness of its situation, the departure from perpetual passivity, the challenge of the dominant discourse and critique of capitalist society, and at the same time in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the praise of mechanism as a tool in It was to facilitate the life of the workers and not as a tool in the monopoly of capitalism. To explain the hypothesis, Maximilian Luce's paintings have been read using Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse. According to the result, a critical reading of Loos's paintings of workers working with machines sends a message that reflects Marx's remarks about the effects of machines on modern industry, and his paintings criticize the exhausting industrial work of workers and at the same time, he admires the machine and new technology in advancing human goals. This research is considered as a basictheoretical research and based on its nature and method, it is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library.
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