معرفی و مطالعه تطبیقی، توصیفی سنگ قبرهای سلجوقی موزه گُرده میمه(اصفهان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در بسیاری از آثار سرزمین های اسلامی هنرمندان به استفاده از آیات و احادیث اقدام کرده اند در برخی از این آثار مانند سنگ قبرها نوشتن آیات و احادیث به واسطه بُعد معنوی اثر از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار بوده است. به قطع مشخص نیست که از چه زمانی استفاده از اشعار نیز به مانند آیات و احادیث برای تزئین بر روی سنگ قبرها ظاهر شده است. تا پیش از پژوهش حاضر که بر روی سنگ قبرهای موزه میمه صورت گرفته نشانه ای از استفاده از اشعار در جهت کتیبه نگاری سنگ قبرها در عصر سلجوقی(قرن ششم)در دست نبود یا منتشر نشده است. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا با روش توصیفی در گام اول به معرفی این آثار بپردازد و سپس با تکیه بر روش مطالعه تطبیقی به مقایسه این دو سنگ قبر با آثار مشابه سلجوقی بپردازد تا از ره آورد این موضوع بتوان درک درست تری نسبت به اسلوب هنری و احتمالا خاستگاه آثار مورد معرفی به دست آورد. سوالات پژوهش حاضر را می توان این گونه بیان داشت: اسلوب هنری این سنگ قبرها را چگونه می توان تبیین کرد؟ همچنین با توجه به عدم اشاره مستقیم، آیا با اتکا به مطالعات باستان شناسانه می توان در خصوص هویت هنرمند سازنده این آثار اظهار نظر کرد؟Introducing and studying a comparative, descriptive Seljuk tombstone museum of gorde
I nscriptions have always played the most important role in Islamic architecture, especially in tombs. Calligraphy gradually found a prominent place in Islamic architecture and art. In general, one of the ways to become more familiar with Islamic architecture courses, along with the use of decorative designs, is to pay attention to inscriptions, because inscriptions represent all the creations of Muslim artists in a particular period. The spiritual spaces created by the inscriptions in religious places such as mosques, schools, shrines, monasteries, etc. lead man to illumination. The themes of the inscriptions in Islamic buildings are various, including the blessed names of God, verses, and chapters of the Quran, the name of the Prophet, imams, religious poems, the name of the client, the name of the ruler, the scribe and the date of making the inscriptions, and also Persian and Arabic poems. Wise words are the commandments and covenants of kings and advice. The Seljuk era is one of the most important periods of Islamic aesthetics that has created many changes in Iranian works of art, especially architectural decorations. In this era, due to the peace and political stability during the Seljuk dynasty, artists had more favorable conditions and were able to create numerous works. Working on stone was more difficult than other elements, and on the other hand, high-quality stone was found in small quantities. Masonry and stone carving were abandoned after the Sassanid dynasty until a few centuries later. But during the tenth and eleventh centuries AD, artists turned their attention to this art again. Consequently, stone altars and tombs were created, which in some cases are very similar to the altars, in other words, the use of stone experienced a reemergence. Before the present study, the usage of poems on tombstones during the Seljuk period has not been observed or published. The purpose of this study is to introduce two Seljuk tombstones that were discovered in Maymeh )Isfahan( and are now kept in the city museum. The second purpose is to discuss the artistic style and examine the similarities and differences with other Seljuk works, especially tombstones, to comment on the identity of these works. The questions of the present study can be expressed as follows: How can the artistic style of these tombstones be explained? Also, considering the lack of direct reference, is it possible to comment on the identity of the artist who made these works based on archaeological studies? According to the tombstone inscriptions of the Gordeh Museum, it should be noted that Arabic poems have also been used in the inscriptions of these two tombstones. The artistic style used in these two tombstones is different from other known Seljuk tombstones, which is probably due to the difference in the place of construction of these works. Also, because of the great similarities between the tombstones of the Pollen Museum and the stone altar of Maymeh, it can be claimed that the builder of the former tombstones is the same as the one who built the Maymeh altar.
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