مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Unemployment


۱.

Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Happiness(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۵, No. ۱, (۲۰۱۳)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Panel Data happiness Inflation GDP Unemployment Government Expenditures

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۷۹۱
This paper examines factors affecting happiness using panel data concerning 58 countries during 2003-2011. Happiness data come in the form of answers to questions such as ""How happy are you as a whole in your life?"" and the answers range from 1 to 5transformed to obtain a 1-10 scale. Macroeconomics data are from MIT and World Bank 2012 tables. Including 215 total pool observations indicate the negative and significant effect for Inflation and Unemployment while positive and significant for Growth of GDP Per Capita and the Government Expenditure. Controlling these variables Islamic countries are relatively less happy.
۲.

Designing Philips Model and Philips Curve of Fractional Order in the Economy of Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Modern Developments in management and Accounting Vol. ۱, No. ۴, August (۲۰۱۹)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Unemployment Inflation Philips model Philips Curve Caputo fractional order derivatives

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۳
Negative relation between unemployment and inflation is known as the Philips model, which states, when inflation is high, unemployment gently decries and when unemployment is low, salaries will increase rapidly. While economic planners of the country tend to impart this situation highly, it would fall down, because frequent increase of inflation with the hope of keeping unemployment low permanently, ultimately will cause rise in expected inflation of organizations and lead to change in their recruitment decisions. In a section of this model, it has also analyzed, relation between income, investment, and consumption. Regular Philips model with derivative deals with first and second level of calculations, however this model has faced many weaknesses and deficiencies in economic cycle of Iran. Regarding its implementation in the economy of Iran, in this research, through substitution of Caputo fractional-order derivatives, we reach out “Philips model of Fractional-order”. Moreover, by numerical calculation of resulted equations and using Maple software, we over reach to Philips curve of Fractional-order in multiple various orders. According to achieved results, this model highly depends on derivation orders and different outcomes will be acquired through various derivation orders. Acquired model in the economy of Iran (situational format in Sugar and Sugar cube Industries) has been studied through phasic technic which proves meaningfulness of relations between variables of the model.
۳.

Openness of Trade, Unemployment and Inequality of Income Distribution: Comparison between Developed and Developing Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۵ 39 - 50

کلیدواژه‌ها: Trade openness income distribution Unemployment economic growth GMM model Sargan test

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۳
In the discussions of trading, unemployment and income distribution inequality, this question is raised by economists that in economic development of developing and developed countries, which policy is necessary in the first stage. Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to other policies, or after achieving an economic growth level and reduction of class difference, poverty and unemployment, the countries should start trade liberalization. By this pre-requirement, a two-stage systematic generalized method of moments technique (GMM) presented by Blundell & bond (1998) during 1991-2008 is applied to evaluate the relationship between three main indices for both groups of selected developed and developing countries. The results of study show that in both groups of countries, high production and increasing foreign direct investment provide open economy and can create employment and reduce unemployment but by increasing population growth rate, unemployment and inflation in both groups of countries, household income inequality is increased. The turning point of this study is regarding household income inequality as increased by increasing economic growth rate and control of open economy in developing counties but in developed countries, increasing economic growth rate and open economy, household income distribution is improved.  JEL Classification: C33, C36, D31, F43.
۴.

Job Finding and Inflow to Unemployment: The Case of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Money and Economy, Vol. ۱۳, No. ۴, Fall ۲۰۱۸ 491-499

کلیدواژه‌ها: matching theory labor market Unemployment unemployment duration

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۶
In order to analyze the labor market through search and matching theory, we need deep parameters namely, rate of inflow to the unemployment pool and job-finding rate. In other words, these rates are primary parameters of matching function; hence, estimating these parameters is an essential step for the use of search and matching theory in every economy. In this paper, we estimate these rates of Iran’s economy using Simulated Method of Moments (SMM) as a baseline for future studies in this framework. We use the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed workers which were unemployed less than one month. We find estimates of around 0.1 and 0.32 for rate of inflow to unemployment and job-finding rate, respectively, which are lower than the amounts estimated for the United States and other developed countries. This is a sign of some labor market irregularities in Iran economy. For example, it shows that the probability of experiencing long-term unemployment/employment by unemployed/employed ones is high because of lower job-finding and inflow to unemployment rates.
۵.

Marginalization and Urban Crisis in City of Ilam(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۴, Issue ۳ - Serial Number ۱۳, Summer ۲۰۱۴ 79 - 86

کلیدواژه‌ها: Informal settlements rural migration Unemployment Poverty and Community Factor Analysis

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۰ تعداد دانلود : ۹۵
Banberz, Banbor, and Sabziabad neighborhoods are three residential districts on the periphery of Ilam city, and are facing a lot of problems namely social, economic, and physical, particularly in housing sector including low quality, poor housing, limited-quantity housing. In order to assess the sustainability of housing, 75 indicators and to rank districts, SPSS software (exploratory factor analysis) is used. On the basis of economic, social, educational, health, and environmental services and culture three districts (Banbarz, Banboor, Sabziabad) were selected as marginal neighborhood. Most houses, have been built away from without permission and building permits and engineering control in small scale measures. According to statistical models; most of household economic statuses are below the poverty line. According to the findings of the questionnaire, fabric and physical feature, type of building, materials applied, quality of building and density of residential units of most units out of any control and without engineering standards in small-scale piece of land, were built without a permit and building permit. Given the statistical models, the economic status of households indicate that more than 70 percent of them live below the poverty line.
۶.

Is Friedman Still Right?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۵۱, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۱ 15 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: Monetary policy Unemployment Search and Matching Theory

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۸
This paper has investigated the role of search and matching frictions in a monetary model and examined if the Friedman rule, advocating a rate of deflation equal to real interest rate, is still right. We defined a dynamic programming problem in which money is situated in the model by cash in advance constraint, and used a numerical method (value function iteration method) to solve the pre-mentioned problem. Also, in this paper, the concept of the homogenous agent is substituted by the heterogeneous agent, and there are two groups of agents, namely unemployed and employed agents. The difference between the two divergence groups is indicated by different constraints in this study. According to our model, the Friedman rule will not maximize the aggregate welfare of the assumed society with this new friction. It is noteworthy that the parameters of the numerical model have been derived from the United States economy and the essay is theoretical. The results can be applied in different economies with their specific parameters. Also, the study offers some implications to central banks. JEL Classification: E52, E24, C78.
۷.

Search and Matching Model Performance in Selected Developing Countries with a focus on Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Money and Economy, Vol. ۱۷, No. ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۲ 353-386

کلیدواژه‌ها: labor market Vacancies Unemployment Market Tightness Developing Countries

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۴ تعداد دانلود : ۸۱
This paper shows the inability of standard search and matching model to replicate labor market volatility in a selected developing country and especially in Iran's economy. To do this, we present empirical evidence on the cyclical behavior of the labor market variables in the selected developing countries. We then build, parameterize, and simulate the standard search and matching model and compare the simulated statistics to the data. The results indicate how those models fail in replicating the stylized facts concerning the unemployment and job vacancy volatilities following a standard productive shock. Likewise, the model is unable to generate as much volatility on the market tightness as in the data. Also, the search and matching model cannot explain the observed volatilities in unemployment and job vacancy in Iran's labor market in response to the labor productivity shock, and the calibrated model is able to explain less than 0.25 percent of the observed volatilities in the market tightness. This suggests a need to explore alternative sources of shocks and frictions in labor market of Iran. In general, one could contemplate augmenting the search and matching model with features such as wage flexibility, price stickiness, endogenous job separation under different types of shocks along with some developing countries-specific features. All in all, this paper contributes essentially to the literature on empirical investigation of the business cycle properties of labor market variables within a search and matching prototype for selected developing economies. The inability of search and matching model to predict fluctuations in the labor market variables in Iran's economy and developing countries have not been quantitatively investigated so far, and this paper is the first quantitative work in this field.