Perceived Social Support

The purpose of the present study was to predict self-efficacy of women with breast cancer based on quality of life, religious orientation, resilience, death anxiety, psychological hardiness and perceived social support. The research method was descriptive and regression type. The statistical population in this study included all patients with breast cancer referring to Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini and Milad hospitals in Tehran in 2018. Purposeful sampling method was used to select the sample. In this way, 300 patients with breast cancer patients were selected based on the criteria for entering and leaving the research. The research tool was a general self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. (1982), multi-dimensional perceived social support questionnaire (Zimt et al., 1989), Allport Religious Orientation (1967), Kobasa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (1979), Templar's Death Anxiety Scale (1970) ), The Conor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1996). Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that factors of quality of life, religious orientation, resilience, death anxiety, psychological hardiness and perceived social support have 21% ability to predict self-efficacy. The factors of quality of life, resilience, psychological hardiness and social support with self-efficacy are positive at 5% confidence level, and the positivity of these coefficients actually indicates that increasing these factors increases self-efficacy (p <0.05). Death anxiety also has a significant negative correlation with self-efficacy (p <0.05).

Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been consistently identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness and physical activity. Method: This study was descriptive and correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly in the care centers of Shahrekord and Farsan in 2019, among whom 180 individuals were selected randomly. The participants filled out research instruments including Relationship Assessment scale (Hendrick, 1998), Perceived Social Support scale (Zimet, et al., 1988), Adult’s Social and Emotional Loneliness scale (DiTommasso, et al., 2004), and Leisure-time Activities scale (Godin, 1985). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 23) and AMOS (version 23) software to analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated direct effect of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity on marital satisfaction (p <0.001), and indirect effect of perceived social support on marital satisfaction through emotional loneliness and physical activity (p <.05). Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model which explains the interrelationships between perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity, and marital satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to pay more attention to the variables of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity in order to improve the marital relationships of the elderly. The findings of this study can help psychologists and other caretakers create more effective family matter programs for the older generations to enhance their marital satisfaction.

Objective  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and psychological resilience with quality of life in people with physical disabilities. Methods   The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all people with any physical disabilities between the ages of 15 to 65 years in the cities of Golestan province, 100 of whom were selected using available and non-random sampling method. And after obtaining consent, completed the relevant questionnaires. Also, in order to collect data, Phillips Social Support Questionnaire, Klohnen Self- Efficacy Scale and WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire were used, and to analyze the data, version 24 of SPSS software, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. Results  Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between perceived social support and quality of life in people with physical disabilities. The higher the social support, the higher the quality of life, as well as between psychological resilience and quality. Conclusion  There is a significant relationship between people's lives and physical disabilities in that people who showed higher psychological resilience had a higher quality of life.

Objective: The aim of present study was to predict perceived social support based on perceived stress mediated by cognitive emotion regulation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: The method of study was correlational, structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with ulcerative colitis, referred to gastroenterology clinics in Districts 4 and 7 of Tehran in 2019. Among them, 261 people were selected through purposeful sampling method. The research tools included perceived social support scale (Zimet et al., 1998), perceives stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and cognitive emotion regulation scale (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006). Results: The results revealed a negative relationship between perceived stress and perceived social support (β=-0.13, t=2.04) and negative relationship between perceived stress and cognitive emotion regulation (β=-0.21, t=2.96) in patients with ulcerative colitis. A positive relationship was also found between cognitive emotion regulation and perceived social support (β= 0.47, t=7.18) but cognitive emotion regulation had no mediating role between perceived stress and perceived social support in patients with ulcerative colitis (β= 0.09, p>0.05). Conclusions: Although there were direct relationships between perceived stress, perceived social support and cognitive emotion regulation but the results revealed no indirect relationship between perceived stress and perceived social support mediated by cognitive emotion regulation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Thus, paying attention to these variables helps researchers and therapists in design of appropriate therapy for Ulcerative Colitis patients.

The family is considered the first social institution created by marriage. One of the outstanding features of a successful marriage is the intimacy between spouses. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between self-control and perceived social support with marital intimacy among female students. The study was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population consisted of married female students of Azad University, North Tehran Branch during 2018-2019. The statistical sample was selected by simple random sampling method from among 150 married female students. To collect data, Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ) and Self-Control Questionnaire (SCQ) and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS-23 software. It was found that a significant positive relationship exists between marital intimacy and perceived social support and self-control in married female students. Further, there is a positive and significant relationship between marital intimacy and self-control. Increasing social support and self-control can improve some aspects of marital intimacy

Purpose: Considering the significance of collective identity in carrying out group and social activities, this study aimed to design a model of collective identity based on perceived social support with the mediating role of emotional intelligence among students. Methodology: The present study was applied in objective and descriptive-correlational in method. The research population comprised all undergraduate psychology students of the Islamic Azad University of Qom Province in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size of this study was 500 individuals, selected after reviewing the entry criteria through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Collective Identity questionnaire (Hezarjaribi & Lohrasbi, 2011), Perceived Social Support (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), and Emotional Intelligence (Schering, 1996) questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-27 and AMOS-24 software. Findings: The findings showed that collective identity, perceived social support, and emotional intelligence among students had a positive and significant correlation (P<0.01). Additionally, the model of collective identity based on perceived social support with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in self-efficacy among students had an appropriate fit. In this model, the variable of perceived social support had a direct and significant effect on emotional intelligence and students' collective identity, and the variable of emotional intelligence had a direct and significant effect on their collective identity. Perceived social support with the mediating role of emotional intelligence had an indirect and significant effect on students' collective identity (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, counselors and psychologists can improve collective identity among students by enhancing their perceived social support and emotional intelligence through educational workshops.