مطالب

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES : The objective of the article is to provide evidence on the impact of mysticism on the Islamic Republic of Iran through the figure, thought, and legacy of Imam Khomeini. To achieve this, the article discusses the relationship between the political thought of Imam Khomeini and his mystical and philosophical views on society and life. METHOD & FINDING : The descriptive-analytical method is used to state the role and impact of mysticism on the Islamic Revolution by analyzing and comparing Imam Khomeini’s texts and speeches on the topic. Imam Khomeini was a devoted scholar who brought Islamic mysticism to the public realm of discussion, both within the religious seminary system and in the public arena of institutional discussions around the formation of the Islamic Republic. CONCLUSION : Imam Khomeini revolutionized the clerical attitude towards politics and proved that religion was still relevant as an ideology capable of building a Modern society. His success in mobilizing his followers went beyond as he achieved this in a historical moment where the discourse of Westernization posed a threat to Iranians. Also, conveyed the revolutionary movement in a unique language featuring connotations of martyrdom, justice, freedom, and political and sociocultural independence. He emphasized the need to revitalize religion through the guidance of jurists and clerics while referencing the mystical traditions of Islam, which highlight its universality and transcendental importance.

The purpose of the current research was to determine the level of physical activity of the male employees of the police guard and also to investigate the relationships between physical activity and mental and social wellbeing in the male employees of the police guard. The current research was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this research included all the male employees of police guard of Tehran in 2021. The statistical sample of the current research included 146 men who were selected through convenience sampling. Physical activity was measured using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), mental health was measured using depression anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21), and social health was measured using the Keyes's social well-being questionnaire (KSWBQ). Pearson’s correlation test and structural equations were used for data analysis. Results showed that the research subjects had a body mass index with an average of 24.40 which is at an average level, but close to overweight. Also, a total of 52% of the subjects had moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In addition, the mental and social health scores were in the average range. Moreover, physical activity had significant relationships with mental health and social health. The results of the model fit showed that the research model had a good fit. Our findings indicated the positive effects of physical activity on psycho-social health components in the male employees of police guard. These findings show that the use of strategies and interventions to improve the physical activity status of the staff of police guard is of special importance.

Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental protection behaviors. The research population was all the students of Hamedan University in the academic year 2018-2019, and 150 of them were selected by convenience sampling method, and the research questionnaires included the Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Environmental Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ). completed Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with environmental protection behaviors (P<0.05). According to these findings, it can be concluded that by strengthening social capital, it can be expected that pro-environmental behaviors will increase and better conditions will be provided for the future generations of the country.

Tafsīr literature has a long and rich history among all fields of Islamic sciences. In spite of this, it has not been able to form an independent scientific discipline along with all its dimensions. We believe that to turn Tafsīr into science, it is necessary to take some measures, including redefining the basic terms. This paper aims to provide some possible answers to the problem of defining, namely, what the most important terms in the Tafsīr field are, and how to come up with comprehensive definitions for its terms. Building on terminological evidence, this descriptive-analytical research discusses the formation of the four terms “Tafsīr” (interpretation), “Mabnā” (basis), “Aṣl” (principle) and “Qā'ida” (rule), as the key concepts in the Tafsīr field. We argued that these terms must be redefined through terminological methods. We believe that the very concept of Tafsīr means expressing the meanings and practical contents (Mūfād Isti ‘ mālī) of the Qur’ānic verses and discovering their Purposes (Maqāsid) and Referents (Madālīl). The Mabānī al-Tafsīr are the basic concepts and macro scientific presumptions for the Qur’ānic text. Finally, the term “Uṣūl al-Tafsīr” are radical components with a Qur’ānic nature which are the mediator between “Mabnā” and “Qā‘ida”.

The translation of eschatological terms and concepts related to the Resurrection Day has always sparked heated debates among individuals with diverse ideological trends and religious beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the translator’s religion on the English translation of eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān by three renowned Muslim, Christian, and Jewish translators. To achieve this, relevant eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān were examined and analyzed, along with their translations by Tahereh Saffarzadeh (2014), Arthur John Arberry (1996), and Nessim Joseph Dawood (2003), using Newmark’s procedures (1988) as a framework. Thirty eschatological terms from thirty verses in the Holy Qur’ān were selected for analysis. In order to enhance the understanding and interpretation of each term, the Persian interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān by Naser Makarem Shirazi (2010) and Allameh Tabataba’i’s (1987) Tafsir Al-Mizan were consulted as supplementary materials. The English equivalents used in each verse, as well as the translation strategies employed by the translators, were compared, classified, and analyzed based on a revised model of Newmark’s procedures to determine which procedures were more or less frequently utilized by the three translators. The findings revealed that the “through-translation” strategy was the most commonly employed procedure, while the “synonymy” and “transference” strategies ranked last in translating the selected eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān.

The present study investigated the translation shifts and most frequent types of translation shifts according to Catford’s model in the translation of Sayings 1-30 in the Nahj al-balagha from Arabic into English. The researcher selected the first thirty sayings of the Nahj al-balagha for the analysis. Throughout the analysis, each shift strategy was traced and manually counted to determine the most frequent type of translation shift. The findings revealed that unit shifts were the most frequent type of shift (59.70%), followed by structure shifts (23.30%), then level shifts (10.70%), intra-system shift (4.50%), and finally class shifts (1.50%). Both translators used unit shift and structure shift with the highest frequencies in their translations. The results also indicated that, unlike Sayyid Ali Reza, Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari went beyond the surface structure and translated words into phrases and explained them in some cases, thus providing an understandable translation. Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari used unit shifts more frequently than Sayyid Ali Reza. Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari most of the time used unit shift to convey the message to the target language reader in a comprehensible way. The translator who used unit shift was successful in conveying the message of the source language text to the reader of the target language. Using unit shift made the target language's readers understand the material better.