مطالب

Objective: Cancer is one of the most essential health issues in the world and Iran which is usually associated with significant clinical and psychological discomfort in the optimal use of coping strategies. Therefore، the purpose of the present study was to analyze a structural model of medication adherence based on health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, and pain self-efficacy mediated by health locus of control in men with cancer. Method: The research was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modelling to test the relationships between the variables. The statistical population was men with gastrointestinal cancer in Golestan province referred to Shafi Hyrkan Cancer Patients Support Center. According to, 227 people were selected through targeted sampling. The research instruments included the Salkowski and Warwick Health Anxiety Inventory, Beer and Moneta Positive Metacognitions and Positive Meta-Emotions Questionnaire, Nicholas Pain Self-Efficacy questionnaire, Morisky, Ang, and Wood's Medication Adherence Questionnaire, and Wallston's Health Control Source Inventory. Data analysis was performed in LISREL software version 8.71. Findings: The results showed that health anxiety, internal health locus of control, and positive meta-emotion had a positive effect (P <0.005) and pain self-efficacy had a negative and significant effect on medication adherence (P <0.001). The source of internal health locus of control mediated the effect of pain self-efficacy and positive meta-emotion mediated the medication adherence positively and significantly (P <0.005). Conclusion: Health anxiety, positive meta-emotion, and pain self-efficacy are correlated with medication adherence and affect medication adherence mediated by health locus of control.

Researchers believe that separation and divorce are the most important stressful events that can happen in life. Therefore, divorce is a complex and painful process that leads to changes in different areas of life and requires coping strategies. This is despite the fact that more studies have focused on women and children after divorce, and men's divorce has been neglected. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, and plot the main concepts relating to men's divorce and its dimensions, domains, impacts and factors based on the main references and evidence. The scoping review method was used to search electronic databases for relevant articles. Of the 3025 abstracts initially identified, after screening both abstracts and full texts, 26 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. After abstracting key information from each study, a content analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified from the content analysis: 1) Demographic, 2) child custody, 3) Psychological factors, 4) attachment style and 5) Coping strategies. This study explained and identified the men's divorce components, its results can reduce the negative effects of divorce on men.

The issue of culture is very important in the field of e-education. Accordingly, the purpose of present study was to investigate the learners’ cultural characteristics of e-education at PNU. The research method was descriptive and the instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which was designed based on the four dimensions of Hofstede's cultural theory. These four dimensions investigated were power distance, uncertainty avoidance versus uncertainty acceptance, masculinity versus femininity, and collectivism versus individualism. Its content validity was determined by experts and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach alpha (83%). Participants were the students of PNU in Khuzestan province, who were studying in e-education courses in the academic year 2021-2022, and 897 participants responded to the online questionnaire using the available sampling method. Mean, standard deviation and one sample t-test were used for data analysis. The results compared with the test value of number three revealed: the mean of cultural characteristics of learners in PNU students in power distance are higher than that of the society mean, and the mean of the uncertainty avoidance factors is higher than the society mean and the mean of the factors of Uncertainty acceptance is lower than the society mean, in the dimension of masculinity verses femininity in both factors, the mean is higher than the society mean, in the dimension of collectivism verses individualism, mean of the factors related to collectivism is lower than the society mean and the mean of the factors related to Individualism was higher than the society mean. The research results provide guidelines for the design and implementation of e-learning courses.