مطالب

INTRODUCTION: In Iran, natural disasters are constantly increasing; however, no research has clearly explained the indicators of resilience in such situations. Resilience enhances internal strengths and protects against potential threats to maintain and promote the health of the community. The present study aimed to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning for managers and experts. METHODS: The present exploratory analysis study was performed on a sample size of 215 which was calculated using Cochran's formula. In order to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning, first, the general texts of applied sociology and scientific databases were studied. Afterward, 450 concepts regarding the general institutionalization of culture were extracted and provided for the experts in universities and the Red Crescent Society using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the experts agreed upon 73 concepts regarding the institutionalization of the culture of resilience based on organizational learning. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared based on these 73 concepts. FINDINGS: The first step was the performance of the exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS version22 software on 73 concepts which resulted in the emergence of five main components, including management, objectives, culture, strategy, and education of crisis resilience. These components were identified and named according to the review of the related literature. In the second stage, the DEMATEL technique and software were used to determine the importance and effectiveness of the criteria. Eventually, in the third stage, the LISREL software was used to design the crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning. CONCLUSION: First, the exploratory factor analysis was performed in SPSS software version22 and the effectiveness and susceptibility of each factor were determined using the DEMATEL software. Subsequently, the model components, including the culture, strategy, education, and objectives of resilience were used as the input of LISREL software and the resilience model was designed based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.

The Middle East and the Persian Gulf have witnessed an escalation in conflict and instability over the past few years where tense relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia has had an undeniable effect in creating such a situation. From Iraq to Syria and from Lebanon to Yemen, the two countries have been competing with each other. Furthermore, Tehran-Riyadh disagreement over energy strategy and nuclear activities has been other source of tension and confrontation between the two countries. There is a concern among researchers that how this crisis can be managed. While some scholars see hegemony of a superpower like the United States or a regional power as the best solution to handle this challenge and the others believe that collective security system is the best option, the research aims to illustrate balancing is the most possible and realistic scenario in the Iran-Saudi Arabia rivalry for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, first we canvass these two regional powers rivalry in historical context and then offer practical implications and recommendations to change the status quo and reach to the more stable region. The research method would be descriptive-analytical and the data is provided from library and Internet sources.

Economic diplomacy, in terms of the importance of economic relations in foreign relations, is one of the important tools to advance the long-term goals of economic growth and development and even increase the security of countries.Recently, Afghanistan, India and Iran have reached an agreement called the Chabahar Agreement. Due to its location, this port has the appropriate geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic potentials in comparison with the ports of the countries in the region and has a very high security margin; in addition, the port at the intersection of the North-South and East-West corridors can serve as a gateway for transportation, in other words, a central trade link between Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia and Europe. In this research we want to answer this question: What impact can economic diplomacy have on post-Taliban developments in Afghanistan? And what is the position of Chabahar port in that country's economic diplomacy? The findings of this descriptive-analytical library research show that: Economic diplomacy in the post-Taliban era by adopting programs such as; attracting foreign investment and expandingrelations with the countries of the region and constructive interaction with them, has been able to have positive effects on development in Afghanistan; And the port of Chabahar, as a field for attracting foreign investment on the one hand and its role in xpanding Afghanistan's relations with countries in the region on the other, has found a special place in the country's foreign policy.