مطالب

The study of the role of some Western-affiliated factors, especially the colonial identities in the Persian Gulf in the imposed war against Iran, based on the occurrence and continuation of this war reflects the inadequacies of British colonial heritage in the periphery of Iran. The slogan of independence from the East and the West and the reaction of the sheiks of the Persian Gulf region showed the extent of their reliance on supra-regional powers. This is the basis of the behavior of some of Iran's neighbors towards the slogans of independence and freedom of the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, the behavior and performance of the sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf during the imposed war indicated their connection with Western colonialism.This article seeks to answer the basic question of the role of the colonial identity of the Persian Gulf sheikhdoms in their behavior and action in the face of war by examining historical documents and based on the method of library studies and analytical methods and by explaining the historical identity of the Persian Gulf sheikhdoms. Has it been imposed on Iran for eight years? The results of this study indicate that the requirements of historical and political identity have played a decisive role in the degree of support or opposition of this sheikhdom to independent currents based on indigenous and Islamic identity and this is the basis for their efforts to strike. Hitting the interests of Iranian revolutionaries in the form of imposed war.

Tactical deterrence was one of the main bases of Iran's defense strategy during the war. Iran used mechanisms of tactical action, optimization of human resources, and maximization of instrumental capabilities to counter enemy threats. The formation of the Iraq-Iran war in September 1980 indicated that revolutionary countries were more exposed to regional and international conflicts than any other political entity. The present study aimed to analyze tactical deterrence, which has social, tactical, and practical indicators and signs. Iran tried to create the necessary field for optimizing the power equation. The primary basis of Iran's tactical deterrence in the war was: arms purchases, diversification of instrumental power sources, and cooperation with marginal actors. Therefore, the imposed war process has been a structural reaction by the great powers. Tactical deterrence has been Iran's organized effort to balance power against Iraq's aggression. The coalition of the Western world countries and the great forces to confront Iran was a sign of the world system's efforts to limit Iran's power. Since any structure tends to be balanced, revolutionary governments form imbalances in international politics. The primary question of this study is ‘What tactical and practical mechanisms has Iran used in the war against threats?’ The hypothesis is that Iran has used deterrent tactical action mechanisms to counter enemy threats and maximize its social role in socializing war. The present study has used the structuralism approach. In the structuralism approach, the imposed war has reflected the agreement of the great powers and regional actors.

Townscape is an essential element in creating collective memories (i.e., memories people collectively share as a group in a city, affecting the identity of that city, the cultural continuity, and the relationship between generations). One of the collective memories -that have happened in different countries- in the war. A war that is fought to defend the homeland and preserve the identity, culture, and honor of a country is part of the valuable memories of a society. In various western cities, including Berlin, Warsaw, and Moscow, the scenes of the collective memories of the war have been reconstructed. Still, in Iran, although fought in an imposed war, these scenes have been less regarded. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the views of Khorramshahr dwellers about the impact of war townscape on the revival of memories of that period. It seeks to find priorities in townscape criteria on war-based memories. With the descriptive-analytical method, the present study aimed to express the applicable standards of the reminiscent townscape and analyze them in Berlin, Moscow, and Warsaw(in World War II). Finally, to study the townscape impact on younger inhabitants’ war idea -who has not experienced that war, the townscapes have been prioritized using a questionnaire analysis. The results indicated that battle scars on walls and beheaded palms have the priority and the Grand Mosque as the symbol of the city function has the second. The title, Bloody City , has the third one according to the dwellers’ point of view. Finally, some solutions have been suggested to improve the townscape of Khorramshahr, emphasizing collective memories of the war.