مطالب

The main purpose of this research was to examine the key metrics of the Russian digital economy and influencing factors affecting the digital economy development in Russia during the period of 2010-2020. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the three indicators of e-government. Results from LSD statistics indicated that there was a significant difference between the telecommunications indexes and human capital. The correlation matrix of economic influencing factors in Russia in terms of ICT application revealed that there has been a balance between the various economic sectors. Results of the Kruskal–Wallis test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between Russian financial institutions in terms of cyber-attacks. Based on the refinery methods of factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression model, five variables GDP, GDP per capita, R&D expenditure, cyber security, and consumer price index were removed from the analysis, and the results showed that the human capital has a significant positive impact on the development of the digital economy in Russia. Despite the significant explanatory role of the human capital index, this study strongly recommended considering the other variables, both predictive and control variables, to explain the variance in the development of digital economy in Russia.

This article examines the impact of European Union's (EU) Counter-Terrorism Strategy on European security, considering recent developments and challenges. This investigation seeks to answer two pivotal questions: (1) How do varying counter-terrorism approaches impact the effectiveness of European security measures against terrorist threats? (2) How does cooperation or divergence in counter-terrorism strategies influence Europe's broader security environment? The research explores key developments in European counter-terrorism cooperation and analyzes the effects of regional cooperation on European security dynamics, drawing on empirical evidence from recent terrorist attacks and counter-terrorism operations. Findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive and coordinated European counter-terrorism strategy, which addresses immediate security concerns and long-term drivers of radicalization and extremism. The research utilizes the method of Library Resources and Documentary Research, analyzing existing literature, academic publications, reports, and relevant documents related to counter-terrorism strategies, European security, and the interplay between terrorism and counter-terrorism in the region. The article also presents a theoretical framework of institutional cooperation to understand the implications of counter-terrorism strategies on European security. It highlights the significance of intelligence sharing, legal harmonization, capacity-building, and addressing challenges within regional and international collaborations.

significance, as they have grappled with enduring economic and political sanctions imposed by Western powers. Over time, both Iran and Russia have confronted a series of sanctions targeting their economic and financial sectors. In response to the adverse effects of these sanctions, both nations have embraced a strategy of 'resistance.' Experts contend that financial and economic sanctions induce substantial shifts in a country's macroeconomic landscape, prompting the adoption of distinct policies and strategic orientations. Against this backdrop, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination and analysis of the discourses surrounding economic resistance and resilient economies in Iran and the Russian Federation, with a focus on elucidating their commonalities and disparities. The research methodology employed in this study is the SWOT analysis method. Findings reveal that both Iran and Russia, while contending with Western sanctions, have pursued the implementation of resilient economy and economic resistance strategies, respectively. Iran's resilient economy signifies a transition towards long-term economic resilience rooted in religious principles. Conversely, Russia's economic resistance constitutes a short-term response to sanctions driven by political considerations".