مطالب

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the way teachers evaluate students' performance in the CoVid-19 Pandemic and to identify challenges and solutions to overcome problems using lived experiences of parents, teachers and professionals. The current research is qualitative. To obtain the findings, the phenomenological method (semi-structured interview) was used. In this study, 25 primary school teachers and 25 parents of students in Ardabil city and 14 experts in this field across the country were selected by purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. The results showed that during the CoVid-19 Pandemic, teachers used different methods for evaluation and faced many challenges, and were presented with suggestions to overcome them. Parents also expressed their opinions about how to evaluate teachers and provided solutions to solve the challenges. Later, in relation to the identified challenges, experts were interviewed, and in order to overcome challenges, strategies such as expansion of combined education, elucidating philosophy of evaluation and its ethical aspect to learners and parents, the development of communication infrastructures, use of research results, conducting continuous activity-based evaluations and in a practical and inferential manner, no restrictions on the use of networks, monitoring the work of teachers, emphasizing evaluation as a tool for learning not a means of stress, evaluating high levels of students' knowledge and avoiding emphasizing the evaluation of the low level of knowledge, and various other solutions that were presented in the findings section. Therefore, it is necessary for education practitioners to take advantage of the suggestions of parents, teachers, and especially experts in order to identify the challenges in the evaluation of students during the CoVid-19 Pandemic and overcome them according to the presented suggestions.

The main goal of the current research was to design a learning model using the characteristic of the structural approach in a blended learning environment in high school. This research is practical and theoretical in terms of purpose, and a qualitative and quantitative sequential mixed research method has been used. To do this research, the first question of the research was answered by studying and reviewing the available texts, documents and written sources and using the literature and research background and scientific sources. To answer the second question, Meyering and Delphi content analysis technique was used. In the first stage, the answer to the second question was obtained by using the qualitative study method, the content analysis technique of Meyering, and the desired components were extracted and used as a complement to the Delphi method. In the second stage, a panel of participants was formed using the snowball sampling technique, and the relevant experts were selected, and after presenting various questionnaires and conducting interviews, the desired components and indicators were selected and confirmed by the experts.Next, to answer the third question of the research, in order to validate the designed model, the Reigeluth questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha were applied to measure its reliability.Also, Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used to determine the level of consensus in the Delphi method. In order to check the content validity, the index model (CVI) was used and to determine its general suitability, (S-CVI) applied, and finally, based on the results and taking into consideration the corrections and suggestions of the professors, the final model was designed and approved.

According to the purpose of the research, this article analyzes educational systems based on open education: challenges and opportunities in the field of learning. This method of teaching and learning is one of the new educational methods used in open university. Due to the use of electronic tools, higher education is moving away from its traditional form and moving towards distance learning and education. This research was descriptive and qualitative method was used to collect information. In this research, the researcher introduces educational systems based on open education, and the search and collection of information was done by studying documents, libraries, and searching for various written and digital sources. It was analyzed by software. The obtained results show that this education started under the name of correspondence education in the first decade of 1700 AD and has passed through five generations until today. In addition to its advantages, open education has many challenges. These challenges were summarized in eight and 80 features. Undoubtedly, in order to achieve an open and favorable higher education system, one should try to examine the challenges in this field and then by removing the limitations and turning them into opportunities, he took a big step in the direction of the higher development of open education.