مطالب

This paper, that will be presented in the First International Conference of Capacity and Impact of Cyberspace in Promoting Religious Education, October 19-20, 2017 in Al-Mustafa Open University, Iran, has an hypotesis that Islam is the great religion that could give the solid foundation for human being among modernism ideas and to describe the local wisdom that is always giving a good benefit to the moslem life and their surroundings in the digital or Internet time. This view had been analyzed on the ideas of Syeikh Muhammad Abduh, a great muslim scholar, revolutionary fatwa maker and also a great ulama in Egypt. To analyze his ideas and local wisdom, this paper use qualitative method with the combination of sources from academic journals, books and news about how moslem people nowadays can absorb the highlight ideas of Islam and local wisdom based on Abduh’s thougts. On the analysis part, this paper will write the short biography and the ideas of Abduh, especially his concept of “one ummah”, the definition of local wisdom based on Al-Quran and Hadist and the concept of modernism related to current islamic fatwa concerning local wisdom. Besides, this paper will relate those thoughts of Abduh with the condition of Indonesian moslems nowadays, based on current statistics and surveys, to value how much is Indonesian moslems think about the modern islamic political issues in the digital or Internet time. This paper is hoped to spread ideas that Islam is a good religion that can maintain local wisdom, eventhough at the same time, moslem people have to do jihad to defend their tauhid. Besides, this paper is also hoped to be a new perspective to the concept of local wisdom in the mind of western philosophy based on UN SDGs Agenda to preserve local wisdom, so that in the UN General Assembly, the honorable delegations could think about Islamic values within their policies about local wisdom in the digital or Internet time.

Oft wird angenommen, dass Iğtihād von Schiiten praktiziert wird und dass die Tore des Iğtihād im sunnitischen Islam verschlossen sind. Neuere Forschungen haben letzteren Teil dieser Annahme hinterfragt. Allerdings wurde bislang die Geschichte des Iğtihād im Schiismus nur wenig untersucht. Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Entwicklung und graduelle Entfaltung des Iğtihād im Schiismus durch schiitische Juristen. Es wird sich zeigen, dass die meisten der frühen schiitischen Juristen Iğtihād ablehnten, und dass sowohl das Vakuum, das durch die Verborgenheit des Imams hervorgerufen wurde, als auch die Notwendigkeit, auf die zunehmenden Bedürfnisse der Gemeinschaft einzugehen, die Juristen zwang Prinzipien des Iğtihād im schiitischen Islam aufzunehmen.