مطالب

The Russian Federation, as an energy-oriented and developing country, has suffered a great large-scale damage under the influence of COVID-19. In the economic and political spheres, the Russian government has adopted various  strategies to reduce the negative effects exerted by the pandemic. On the other hand, Russia is known as the first country to unveil and offer the first Coronavirus vaccine. At the same time, however, the policies pursued by the Russian government have been criticized. This study tries to measure the impact of the pandemic as an exogenous shock on important Russian economic variables. The main question in this study is what effect has the Corona epidemic had on the Russian economy? To answer to this research question, correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between different variables and the number of deaths because of Coronavirus. According to the results of this study, the Coronavirus has affected the process of all Russian economic variables except for economic growth. This highlights the necessity of the implementation of exact plans and policies to maintain a stable economic recovery in the post-COVID era in this country.

The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of personality traits in predicting cyber-bullying in second year high school students in Zanjan. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all boy and girl high school students in Zanjan. Considering the 15500 students in the population, the sample size turned out to be 348 based on Krejcie and Morgan formula. The sample was selected through convenience sampling method using virtual social networks. To collect data, NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Cyber-Bullying/ Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (CBVEQ) were used. Data analysis was performed through Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS software (version 25). The results showed that the relationship of neuroticism and openness to experience with cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization was significant and positive. In addition, the relationship of agreeableness with cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization was significant and positive. Furthermore, from among personality traits, neuroticism and agreeableness could predict cyber bullying (β = 110); neuroticism could also predict cyber victimization (β = .117). In general, the results indicated that when neuroticism and agreeableness increased, cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization also increased. This finding can be a guide for counselors and psychologists to prevent and reduce cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on cognitive avoidance of students with test anxiety. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-post-test design ad a control group. The statistical population included all Meshkinshahr students who were referred to school counseling centers. Among them, 30 people with test anxiety were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection tools were test anxiety questionnaires (Abolghasemi et al., 1996) and cognitive avoidance (Sexton and Dogas, 2008). The experimental group received a mindfulness-based stress reduction program (John Kabat-Zayn) for 8 weeks (one week of a 2-hour session). The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention significantly reduced cognitive avoidance in students with test anxiety (P <0.001). According to the present study, the use of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention in the pre-exam period can be effective in reducing the cognitive avoidance of students with test anxiety.