مطالب

Multi-grade classes are one of the realities of our educational system. Academic motivation is known as a challenge for educational systems in developing countries. According to the rapid advances in science and technology, the utilization of blended learning seems to solve this challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blended learning on students' academic motivation in multi-grade classes. The study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population was all students of primary multi-grade classes in Ghaen (n=2200 with 160 classes). The statistical sample was 28 multi-grade students selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method. Also, to collect data, Harter's academic motivation questionnaire was used with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The SPSS application and covariance test used to analyze the data. The results showed that academic motivation scores in the experimental group were more than the control group (p≤0.05, f (25.1) = 4.23). According to ETA squares, the blended approach explains 37% of the variance of academic motivation post-test scores (p<0.05, ŋ2=37%). According to the findings and the challenges of teaching in multi-grade classes, this method is not just one option but seems to be the best solution for resolving multi-grade problems.

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience various psychosocial challenges, which negatively affect their quality of life (QOL). The current study examines the outcomes of women living with HIV (WLWH), who receive cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for improving quality of life in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The design of the study is a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Sixty women living with HIV were randomly assigned into a control and an intervention groups, 30 participants for each group. A 10-session cognitive behavioral group therapy was provided only to the intervention group. The control group participated in 3 sessions without special training. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, quality of life was measured using Multidimensional Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV/AIDS (MQoL-HIV) before and one month after intervention delivery. Pre-test and post-tests were compared using t-test analysis. Results: After 10 weeks training, the Mean±SD QOL score significantly increased in the intervention group. Based on covariance analysis, the intervention group had significantly higher QOL score than the control group after the intervention P<0.05. Conclusion: Due to the low quality of life among WLWH, CBGT can be helpful in providing psychological rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of this group.

Objective: Problem gambling is a non-addiction issue that may arise even from recreational engagement with gambling activity. In Nigeria, not much has been written about this menace to the extent that the focus of interest of the government is on the economic gains of gambling activities rather than how to curtail the problems arising therefrom. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating psychosocial predictors (age, suicidality, and financial strain) contributing either independently or collectively to problem gambling among male undergraduate students in Ogun state, Nigeria. Methods: This study adopted a correlational research design. 201 participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires that included bio-data information, Problem Gambling Severity Index developed by (Ferris & Whynne, 2001), Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) developed by Osman, Bagge, Gutierrez, Konick, Kopper, & Barrios (2001) and Financial Strain Survey developed by (Aldana & Lijenquist, 1998). Results: Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data, and the results revealed that financial strain contributed more significantly to problem gambling (t (196) = 5.348, P.001), = 36, while all psychosocial variables contributed collectively to problem gambling (F (3, 196) = 9.670, P.01, AdjR2 =.12) among male undergraduate students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Conclusions: The study concluded that psychosocial factors-age, financial strain, and suicidality collectively contributed to problem gambling while only financial strain independently significantly predicted problem gambling among male university students in Ago-Iwoye community of Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study recommended that students receive financial counselling and planning in order to manage their money effectively.

Objective: This research investigated the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship of type D personality with psychological well-being and self-care behaviors in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Research Method: The statistical population of this research included all patients with type 2 diabetes in the cities of Rasht and Rezvanshahr in 2020-2021. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 368 patients were selected through purposive consecutive sampling. The participants completed the questionnaire of the summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA), type D personality scale (DS-14), Ryff's scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB), and self-compassion scale – short form (SCS-SF). The data were processed through structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS-24. Bootstrapping was carried out by Preacher and Hayes’ (2008) macro to analyze the mediating relationships. Results: According to the bootstrapping analysis, self-compassion plays a significantly mediating role in the relationship of type D personality with psychological well-being and self-care behaviors (in all cases p<0.0001). The coefficient of determination of the final model demonstrated that all exogenous and medicating variables can predict 89% of the psychological well-being changes and 87% of self-care behaviors. Conclusions: Self-compassion can serve as a buffer and reduce the destructive effects of the type D personality on the psychological well-being and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Thus, taking measures to train and strengthen self-compassion is essential in the psychological treatment of diabetic patients.