درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One essential yet often-ignored factor in pronunciation teaching is learners’ beliefs towards teaching and learning of pronunciation. Awareness of this factor can help both learners and teachers achieve their language learning and teaching objectives. The current study investigated 195 Iranian EFL learners’ beliefs and perceptions about various aspects of pronunciation teaching and learning. The learners answered a 30-item Likert-scale online questionnaire which inquired about their views regarding the overall importance of pronunciation instruction, the type of syllabus, the design of classes devoted to pronunciation, the introduction of pronunciation features, the ways of practicing these features, and the role of error correction. To enhance the findings from the questionnaire, the researchers interviewed a subsample of the participants about various pronunciation dimensions specified in the questionnaire. Results revealed that the majority of the participants believed teaching and learning pronunciation was of paramount importance in EFL contexts as it helped them achieve their communicative goals more effectively. The learners also largely preferred a structural over a task-based syllabus for pronunciation instruction but differed regarding whether pronunciation features should be taught in isolation or in communicative contexts, and whether correction of their pronunciation errors should be done by the teacher or peers. Findings of this study can inform the mainstream pronunciation teaching and learning practices and materials designs.

The increase in environmental pollutions and the daily increasing destruction of the ecology have caused worries in the societies and drawn their attentions towards the reasons, outcomes as well as the methods of reducing them. Various factors are involved in reducing the aforesaid threatening conditions. The present study emphasizes on the role of the media and globalization of the communications and deals with the inclinations towards guarding and protecting the environment amongst the citizens residing Tehran. The present study makes use of a survey method. A total of 277 residents from Tehran were selected in urban districts one, five and fourteen. To analyze the obtained data, use was made of correlation analysis and multivariate regression test. The study findings of the correlation analysis part are reflective of the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the globalization of the communications and tendencies towards the environment conservation. As for the tendencies towards the environment protection, the study findings are suggestive of the idea that the study participants have been assessed in three levels, namely cognitive, affective and behavioral (in two dimensions of intervention and participation), and that the increase in the enjoyment of the global communications brings about an increase in individuals’ tendencies for environment conservation. These bioenvironmental analyses enable the instigation of more attention in the general public. However, the general public’s sensitivity might be provoked by means of the media and communications. It seems that the media analyses of the environment shoulders the essential role for the favorable bioenvironmental governance. Therefore, the most rational thing to do about the protection of the resources and environment is giving value to the media and communications.