درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The principal purpose of the present article is to analyze the technical mechanisms and the categorization procedure of thesaurus, ontology, and their types in storage and retrieval of digital and non-digital content. The types of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) which are addressed in this article are Roget’s thesaurus, thesauri, Micro, Macro and Meta thesaurus, ontologies, and lower, middle, or upper-level ontologies. The study attempts to demonstrate categorization the procedure through determining the position of KOSs in the context of data, information, and knowledge (DIK) by explaining their engineering mechanisms such as data, information, and knowledge engineering in content storage and retrieval, especially digital content. Method: The research method relies on documented and historical methodology. Findings: As ontologies have taken the highest position amidst KOSs in making digital resources available in a web based environment, it is suggested that Iran and other developing countries use the capacities and capabilities of ontologies, especially in the development of national ontologies, in order to construct their knowledge-based infrastructure and system to achieve high performance in digital content engineering and management.

Libraries have long been involved in content management due to their mission and task, but with the advent of the digital age, this content has changed from print to digital. Digital content management is related to storing, organizing, indexing and monitoring digital content used by an organization. Digital content can take many forms, including text files, documents, graphics, images, animations, and audio and video files. This book is a handbook consisting of 15 chapters in the field of research on digital content management and development in libraries, elaborating on various areas such as: Consortia, Digital Libraries, Digital Resource Management, EResources, Information Retrieval, Knowledge Management, Open Access, Repositories, RFID Technology. Even so, in this book, the research topics mentioned have not been studied in depth. In my opinion, considering the thematic importance of the book, it would be better to address newer research topics such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, digital twins, virtual reality, research data management, etc. It is suggested that a new collection consisting of the chapters of the proposed areas be compiled.

The widespread deployment of social media has helped researchers access an enormous amount of data in various domains, including the the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws on a heuristic approach to classify Commercial Instagram Posts (CIPs) and explores how the businesses around the Holy Shrine were impacted by the pandemic. Two datasets of Instagram posts (one gathered data from March 14th to April 10th, 2020, when Holy Shrine and nearby shops were closed, and one extracted data from the same period in 2019), two word embedding models – aimed at vectorizing associated caption of each post, and two neural networks – multi-layer perceptron and convolutional neural network – were employed to classify CIPs in 2019. Among the scenarios defined for the 2019 CIPs classification, the results revealed that the combination of MLP and CBoW achieved the best performance, which was then used for the 2020 CIPs classification. It was found out that the fraction of CIPs to total Instagram posts has increased from 5.58% in 2019 to 8.08% in 2020, meaning that business owners were using Instagram to increase their sales and continue their commercial activities to compensate for the closure of their stores during the pandemic. Moreover, the portion of non-commercial Instagram posts (NCIPs) in total posts has decreased from 94.42% in 2019 to 91.92% in 2020, implying the fact that since the Holy Shrine was closed, Mashhad residents and tourists could not visit it and take photos to post on their Instagram accounts.

One of the most important issues for libraries in the age of digital transformation is digital content management from the perspective of resource digitization. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of implementing and implementing digital libraries in Iran and to provide solutions to solve it. In this study, using a review of the literature research, the challenges of building and launching digital libraries in Iran were investigated. Then, with using likert scale,the challenge ranked by experts in the field of digital library construction in Iran. These challenges were weighted using the AHP Analytic Hierarchy method. Finally, a framework was devised to solve them. Based on findings there are issues and challenges in the field of human force, copyright and legal issues, information security and protection, confusion in the organization of digital resources, lack of budget, difficulty in accessing digital library software, and its distance from global standards. To solve the challenges of building a digital library, it is necessary to pay attention to the following solutions: Holding training courses to get acquainted with the operation of digital devices, Fair or free use of works, Use of global data identification system, Set an adequate budget for digitizing resources, Creating constructive interactions between experts in the field of digital libraries inside and outside countries to transfer lessons learned globally.

The aim of this study is to review and redefine the interaction process with information based on a holistic approach. The data required for this qualitative study were collected through semi-structured interviews among 18 individuals and analyzed using thematic analysis. The network of themes making up the information interactions consists of 5 global themes which have been extracted among 23 organizing ones. These themes include the beginning, orientation, networking, and consolidation, which can be interpreted in terms of the symmetry theme as a kind of looking at humans and non-humans in a three-layered context including the internal, external, and technology-tools contexts. The new view of interaction with information has taken it beyond the interpretation scope from the human user’s perspective and observes it alongside non-human factors. As a result of such an approach, the non-human factors in the role of infrastructure and technology-tool context, meet specific and interpretable effects along with human ones, external and internal contexts.

In recent decades, many countries have improved systematic control over monetary policy and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. There is a great literature on how to conduct a monetary policy. A lot of macroeconomists (for example Taylor, McCallum, Woodford and others) proposed specific monetary policy strategies, regimes and rules. This paper considers a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE), and two basic factors have been applied. The first one is a belief that monetary policy has impact on real economic activity in the short run. This effect comes from the presence of rigidities, which give rise to non-neutral effects of a monetary policy. The second factor is a considerable improvement under theoretical frameworks used for monetary policy analysis. The research also presents a sensitivity analysis of the optimal rules to deep structural parameters and investigate properties of an optimal simple rule with respect to prevailing type of shocks. Finally, the study highlights how an optimal policy rule depends on model structure, on the model calibration and nominal rigidities. According to the research findings, based on the theoretical expectations, the effect of a positive shock inflicted on the government investment leads to increase and gradual accumulation of fixed capital formation in the public sector. Among estimated parameters consumption is first affected and reduces, then employment increases consequently, finally production will also be affected. Also with the shock of oil revenues, increased oil revenues results in public investment at first, because the increase in oil revenues, the government increases development expenditure. Though increase in development expenditure is more than Increase in current expenditure. Enhancing development expenditure & construction spending causes total spending increase and as a result of increased production of oil income, consumption and total investment will rise. This increase leads to inflation too. Though by increasing the inflation resulted from oil revenues, the monetary authority will react through reducing the growth rate of the monetary base.