درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This research is a survey and exploratory study to present a conceptual model for the sustainable development of Iran based on social entrepreneurship. Its approach for conceptual modeling is based on Path Analysis through Multiple Regression Method. The study has benefited from five questionnaires (four for the Delphi Method’s rounds and another for the conceptual modeling itself). The statistical population of conceptual modeling section includes three public organizations of Iran: "State Welfare Organization ," "Department of Environment ," and "Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare ," which reflect the pivotal SD concepts of society, environment, and hence social economy, respectively. After setting a conceptual framework, the preliminary conceptual model was formed accordingly. Each path on the model was equal to a hypothesis. Finally, a statistically significant SD-based conceptual model of social entrepreneurship, which passed goodness-of-fit by Coefficient of Determination ( R² ) was presented.

Purpose- Ecotourism is a foundation of sustainable development of societies and a way for conserving natural landscapes and reservoirs. In this regard, rural tourism, especially rural ecotourism, is a sort of tourism that can be highly effective in the revival of villages considering the natural and cultural capacities of these areas. So, this research analyzes the infrastructure for the development of rural ecotourism in Ardabil province, Iran. Design/methodology/approach - The research is an applied study in goal and an analytical study in nature. The research realm includes 311 villages with a population of over 500 people in Ardabil province. The research adopted the TOPSIS model. The criteria used to measure the ecotourism potential included healthcare, transportation infrastructure, business and services, information technology, energy, and cultural, sports, and religious infrastructure. Weights were assigned by experts to the criteria based on their importance. Finding- The results showed that the villages with the highest potential for the development of rural ecotourism in the counties of Ardabil, Bileh Savar, Parsabad, Khalkhal, Sareyn, Kowsar, Germi, Meshgin Shahr, Nir, and Namin included Somarin, Gug Tappeh, Shahrak-e Gharbi, Shal, Ardi Musa, Zarjabad, Qarah Aghaj-e Pain, Alni, Virseq, and Anbaran-e Olya. In this regard, the village of Anbaran-e Olya in Namin exhibits the best performance across the province with a CL score of 1. Out of all studied villages, 86 percent were placed in the moderate and low category, 2 percent in the very high category, 8 percent in the high category, and 4 percent in the very low category. Research limitations/implications - The main limitation of the research is the lack of access to up-to-date information. Practical implications - Given the results, it is recommended to invest in villages that have the potential for ecotourism, thereby contributing to attracting tourists and converting them into rural tourism hubs. Originality/value - The analysis of the potential of Ardabil province, which is a tourist destination, for the development of rural ecotourism can help identify touristy villages to focus on their prosperity.

  The concept of social capital has been emphasized through its connection with the basic social components including belief, awareness, participation, trust, cohesion and social network in the direction of sustainable development of societies, especially rural communities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social capital components on the development of rural tourism. The present research method is descriptive-analytical. The main research tool is the questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is the households of the villages in four tourist target villages in the Torqabeh village, Binalood city in Khorasan Razavi province. To measure the reliability of the research instrument (questionnaire), Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO coefficient were used to validate the questionnaire. Six effective institutions in rural tourism development are (etc, council, village, private sector, heritage organization, district, public sector and non-governmental sector). In terms of villagers' belief in their effectiveness, villagers' trust in these institutions and villagers' participation in the development of tourism with these institutions were examined and the research results show that from the villagers' point of view, believing in the effectiveness of any institution ensures villagers' trust in it. Institution and ultimately participation in the development of rural tourism.