علی امیری

Purpose- Rural tourism can be considered a country-related experience that includes a wide range of attractions and activities. They can be related to agriculture and might increase opportunities to provide services to local communities. In the same time, they can change the nature of geographical landscapes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of rural tourism development using the structural equation model in Gaikan Village of Aligudarz County. Design/methodology/approach- This is applied study, in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical. To fulfill the purpose of the study, field study and survey were used. Using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability for two feasibility components (attractions and capabilities of rural tourism, and obstacles and problems of rural tourism development), were 0.79 and 0.80, respectively, which indicates the good fit of the research tool. The statistical population consisted of three categories of experts, tourists and villagers (270 people in total: 13 experts, 129 tourists and 128 villagers) who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS20 and AMOS software were used. Findings- The findings showed that the most important attractions and tourism capabilities of Gaikan Village are in four main categories: cultural and religious attractions, use of organic product, rural welfare facilities and services, and natural attractions. Also, the most important restrictions and obstacles of tourism development in this village are: lack of proper investment, avoidance of using agricultural products and related industries, ignorance of local people about the benefits of tourism, lack of amenities, and creating environmental pollution. The last one has a significant relation with tourist development. Research limitations/implications - Lack of proper access to transportation infrastructure, roads, and accommodations in the area of Aligudarz County has created limitations for the development of tourism in the study area. Moreover, access to tourists and key informants of rural issues (statistical population of the study) was one of the problems in the research. Practical implications - Due to the lack of transportation, accommodation, and public infrastructure in Gaikan Village, establishing the accommodations such as hotels as well as camps are suggested in the region. Originality/value- The feasibility of tourism development can lead to understanding the tourism process in accordance with the local systems and finally, designing a suitable local model.

The present study provides a systematic method for assessing the efficiency and soundness of banks. The analysis is based on a set of benchmarks related to the financial performance of banks. In this regard, this research has explored a model for evaluating accepted banks in Tehran Stock Exchange using the data envelopment analysis method. One of the most important applications of this technique is measuring the efficiency of bank branches. In addition, paying special attention to the health of the banking system corresponds to the health of the society’s economics. It is essential to implement precise analysis benchmarks to evaluate banks and other financial institutions due to their importance in the economics. One of these benchmarks is efficiency. In this study, 18 Iranian business banks have been analysed using data envelopment analysis on the basis of financial ratios. Also, their efficiency has been computed using the output-based CCR envelopment model, assuming a constant efficiency-scale ratio. The results suggest that Gardeshgari bank has been selected as the most efficient and healthy bank between 2011 and 2015 on the basis of financial and non-financial criteria, and using the trapezoidal fuzzy number method.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance. First, we introduce a new two-stage DEA model with a fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for evaluating the performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the stable operation of companies, into two sub-process, have divided, which includes the profitability (first phase) and the value, creativity (the second phase), that is, the outputs of the first stage are inputs for the second stage, which can be used to identify the status of the company's operations and potential for future growth. Second, In order to measure the ability of managers, we use the model provided by Demerging. Finally, the relationship between managerial ability and firm performance are also investigated by means of the truncated-regression model. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the ability of management and firm performance. It means that managerial ability to be significantly related to the performance of the company. In this sense, the performance of the company improves by increasing managerial ability to better use resources and consequently increase overall efficiency.