diabetes

Diabetes is one of the common diseases which is increasingly rising in most countries and has wide a range of complications ranging from physical to psychological problems. Given the importance of this disease, this study aims to investigate the relationship between attributional style and general health in diabetic patients with good and poor metabolic control of diabetes. The main research question was that “Is there a relationship between attributional style and general health in diabetic patients with good and poor metabolic control of diabetes?”. The statistical population of the study included all diabetic patients who referred to the medical centers of type 2 diabetes in Tehran. From this population, 82 patients were selected through availability sampling. The research instruments were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Data was determined based on gender, metabolic control of diabetes, level of education, and frequency. The correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The results of the correlation coefficient indicated that attributional style, as an internal dimension, had a significant relationship with general health in the good metabolic control group while the stable dimension in the poor metabolic control group had a significant correlation with general health ( r = 0.341, p = 0.05). In addition, men had better general health than women but no difference in attributional style was found between men and women. Based on this research, changes in attributional style of patients can improve general health of them.

Objectives: <span class="fontstyle2">Diabetes is a chronic, multifaceted and threatening disease which has significant psychological complications. The purpose of this study was comparing the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) on cognitive emotion regulation in patients with type II diabetes. Method: <span class="fontstyle2">The design of this quasi-experimental research was a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with type II diabetes referred to Baghban (Touba) Medical Clinic in Sari in 2019, among whom 45 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned into three groups. The first group received ACT, the second group received DBT-ST, and the third group was considered as a control group. Data were collected using a 36-item Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky et al., 2001) in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results showed that ACT and DBT-ST were significantly more effective on cognitive emotion regulation for the experimental groups compared to the control group (effect sizes 0.911 & 0.967, respectively). The effectiveness of DBT-ST compared to ACT was more significant on cognitive emotion regulation scores (effect sizes 0.967) at (P>0.01). Conclusion: <span class="fontstyle2">Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that ACT improved psychological indexes and mental health of patients with type II diabetes due to acceptance of unfavorable emotions and thoughts, commitment, and DBT-ST for emotion regulation and mindfulness components

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disease that has negative physical and psychological consequences and effective interventions are necessary to reduce these consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the Autogenic training (AT) and Affect regulation training (ART) on the psychological adjustment of women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Among female patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Iranian Endocrine Institute, 33 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into three groups (AT, ART, and control). Participants answered the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) before and at the end of the intervention. The subjects of ART and AT groups underwent 10 90-minute training sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: Data analysis with MANOVA and ANOVA showed that psychosocial adjustment to disease in both ART and AT groups was significantly improved compared to the control group (P <0.05). The two groups of AT and ART were not significantly different in improving psychosocial adjustment to disease (P >0.05). Conclusion: It seems that both interventions AT and ART have been effective in improving the psychological adjustment of women with type 2 diabetes by affecting the conscious or unconscious mechanisms of mind-body communication. Keywords: Diabetes, affect regulation, autogenic training, psychological adjustment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on adherence to appropriate treatment and food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group and 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study consists of all people with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic in Tehran, whose number was equal to 73 people. To conduct an experimental study with two groups (experimental and control) by selecting 15 subjects for each group can achieve a test power of 0.88. The sample sizes were divided into two experimental groups (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15) by available sampling. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes with a doctor's approval, at least one year of illness, and absence of more than 2 sessions in treatment sessions. The general compliance questionnaire (GAS) and the feed frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were administered to both groups. The control group waited and the mindfulness intervention for the experimental node was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that mindfulness training based on stress reduction, adherence to treatment and proper nutrition of patients with type 2 diabetes has significantly increased (P0.05) and this increase has remained constant over time.

Purpose: Prediabetes refers to a condition where the level of fasting blood sugar reaches 100- 125 mg/dl. The prediabetes pervasiveness is growing throughout the world. The main objective of the present research is the exploration of the body composition and anthropomorphic differences among prediabetes and normal people for finding the plans for scanning prediabetes and the impact of exercise on it. Method: The present descriptive cross-sectional research conducted on 251 people. The signed informed consents and information of the education, age, exercise etc. gathered. Then, blood glucose tested, and 133 and 118 participants respectively had been chosen for the prediabetes and normal groups. Digital scales, wall stadiometer, tape measure and body composition monitor had been employed to measure anthropomorphic and body composition indices. Results: Total pervasiveness of prediabetes was 52.98% that accounted for 41.03% of the male and 11.95% of the female. Any significant differences didn’t found in the education level, exercise and physical activity between two groups (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the age just in the male group (p=0.043). It found that the prediabetic participants experience visceral fat, BMI, WC, and WHR higher than the normal participants (p=0.037, p=0.010, p=0.000, and p=0.002, respectively) just in the female group. Conclusions: It has been concluded that anthropomorphic and body composition have differences between normal and prediabetes participants; therefore, they may be used as the screening programs. Moreover, it has been suggested that prediabetes can be prevented by controlling anthropometric and body composition indices by exercise.

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disorder with a high level of blood glucose. Due to the high blood sugar, the risk of heart-related diseases like heart attack and stroke got increased. The number of diabetic patients worldwide has increased significantly, and it is considered to be a major life-threatening disease worldwide. The diabetic disease cannot be cured but it can be controlled and managed by timely detection. Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Machine Learning (ML) empowers automatic early diabetes detection which is found to be much better than a manual method of diagnosis. At present, there are many research papers available on diabetes detection using ML techniques. This article aims to outline most of the literature related to ML techniques applied for diabetes prediction and summarize the related challenges. It also talks about the conclusions of the existing model and the benefits of the AI model. After a thorough screening method, 74 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases are selected for this study. This review article presents a clear outlook of diabetes detection which helps the researchers work in the area of automated diabetes prediction.

Diseases like diabetes are chronic and require long-term management. Inadequate production of insulin results in high blood sugar levels. Such diseases lead to serious health issues such as heart ailments, blood vessel complaints, eye ailments, kidney function disorders, and nerve ailments. Hence, accurate assessment and management of risk factors are crucial for the onset of diabetes. Our proposed approach combines fuzzy logic & machine learning algorithms for diabetes risk prediction. Three machine learning models were trained to classify patients into two categories of diabetes (Type-I and Type-II) based on their clinical dataset collected from Katihar Medical College & Hospital and Suvadhan Lab. The polynomial regression algorithm achieved a score of 0.947, while the support vector regression algorithm with the rbf kernel achieved a score of 0.954, with a linear kernel achieved a score of 0.73. Our proposed approach performed well with respect to the conventional approaches with improved accuracy by identifying the patients at diabetes risk. In future work, we further analyze the relationship between other ignored factors which contribute to diabetes risk.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on fasting glucose and several serum indicators of cardiovascular disease, in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In 2023, 20 women who referred to the Hamadan Diabetes Association voluntarily participated as subjects in this research and were randomly assigned to aerobic (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. The exercise program of the aerobic group included 3 running sessions per week with an intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. In order to measure fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile [low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c)], blood sampling was done before and after 12 weeks of exercise program. SPSS software and Kologrov Smirnov and Student's t test were used to check and analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, HbA1c (P=0/027), LDL-c (P=0/012) and fasting blood glucose (P=0/043) decreased significantly in the aerobic group. But no significant changes were observed in HDL-c and BMI. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that performing aerobic exercises leads to a decrease in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and improvement in lipid profile, so it can probably be a useful way of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic problem worldwide, which is associated with hyperglycemia and structural and functional disorders of the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on serum glucose levels, weight changes and Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) protein expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Method: For this study, the samples included 48 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old), which were divided into 4 groups: control (C), the diabetes control (DC), diabetes-training (DT) and exercise (T). In order to induce diabetes, streptozotocin injection was used. 5 sessions per week of endurance activity were performed for 6 weeks. 48 hours after the completion of the exercise program, hippocampal tissue was dissected and extracted. ELISA method and one-way variance test were used to analyze the data. Resalts: Based on the results, serum glucose levels decreased after six weeks of endurance training (p=0.001). The amount of IGF-1 in group DC was significantly lower compared to all groups DT, T, and C (P≤0.05). But the DT group had no significant difference with the C and T groups (P=0.210 and P=0.226, respectively). On the other hand, the amount of IGF-1 in group T was only significantly different from group D (P=0.001). The correlation between blood glucose and IGF-1 was significant (p=0.001, r=0.820). Conclusion: Diabetes reduces IGF-1 and hyperglycemia, but exercise moderates the effect of diabetes on IGF-1. Considering the appropriate duration of training and the correlation of this protein with blood glucose, maybe endurance training can reduce the negative effect of diabetes.