Journal of Modern Psychology

  Objective : Social networks have become widely popular among young people in recent years. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of young people's attitude towards the positive and negative effects of Instagram. Methods : The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is qualitative content analysis. Among the students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, 13 students were selected in a purposeful way until the theoretical saturation of the data and were subjected to a semi-structured interview. Coding of the interviews was done in three steps and manually. Finding : The coding of the interviews shows 5 components of increasing awareness (with the subcomponents of enhancing awareness in various fields, learning techniques and skills, increasing media literacy), strengthening relationships (with the subcomponents of awareness of the conditions of friends and relatives, holding celebrations and occasions and strengthening group connection), addiction to Instagram (with the subcomponents of excessive use of Instagram, failure to handle other tasks and unpleasant mental states when not using Instagram), physical and psychological problems (with the subcomponents of negative effects on sleep, negative effects on attention and concentration, experiencing negative and unpleasant emotions and physical pains) and disruption in social ties (with the subcomponents of increased social comparisons, inequality and injustice, mistrust of others and social scandal). Conclusion : According to these findings, it can be concluded that the expansion of social networks, especially Instagram, in recent years has been associated with positive and negative individual and social consequences, which are necessary and vital to pay attention to by the relevant institutions.

  Subjective : Psychological problems are involved in many psychosomatic disorders. Gastric ulcer is also related to psychological problems as one of the psychosomatic disorders. This research was conducted with the aim of comparison of emotion regulation in gastric ulcer sufferers and non-sufferers. Methods : This research is descriptive and causal-comparative. 100 patients with gastric ulcer and referred to Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran in 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method and compared with 100 of their companions who did not have gastric ulcer. Both groups responded to Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-21 software. Results : The findings showed that the total score of difficulties in emotion regulation and its subscales (non-acceptance of negative emotions, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity) in patients with gastric ulcer is significantly higher than of non-afflicted people (P<0.001). Conclusion : According to this finding, it can be concluded that the difficulty in regulating emotions may play a role in gastric ulcers. It seems that patients with gastric ulcer are less able to identify and understand their emotions and less able to manage their emotions properly. Therefore, the accumulation of psychological pressure caused by negative emotions can cause their symptoms to appear or intensify.

  Objective : Over the past two decades, there has been widespread scientific attention to emotion regulation and the impact of emotional dysregulation on physical and mental health. The concept of alexia is rooted in the psychology of emotions and psychosomatic diseases. Many patients with psychosomatic complaints showed problems in emotional self-regulation. This research aimed to explore the association between alexithymia and psychological well-being in pregnant women during their 5th to 7th month of pregnancy. Methods : The study population consisted of pregnant women from the Mazandaran province, Iran, during 2022-2023. Employing purposive sampling, 200 pregnant women were selected from health centers. Participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20) and the Psychological Well-being Scale (RSPWB). Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression test were used to analyze the data. Results : Results revealed an inverse relationship between alexithymia and psychological well-being (r = -0.388, p < 0.01). Approximately 53% of the variance in psychological well-being scores could be attributed to alexithymia. Conclusion : In conclusion, alexithymia serves as an effective predictor of maternal psychological well-being.

  Objective : Forgiveness and tolerance in relationships between spouses can be effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships. Methods : This research is descriptive and correlational. The research population was the married students of Qazvin Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2021-2022. 185 married students were selected using convenience sampling method. Research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) and Tolerance in Spouses' Relations Scale (TSRS). Data were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient and standard regression with SPSS-20 software. Results : The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships (P < 0.01). Also, forgiveness and tolerance in spouses' relationships could significantly predict marital satisfaction (P < 0.001). Conclusion : According to these results, it can be concluded that the existence of forgiveness and tolerance in the relationship of spouses can strengthen their marital satisfaction, and therefore, they are important topics for teaching couples.

Objective : One of the signs of people's mental health is the ability to adapt to different life conditions. This study aims to explore how parent-child interaction, sense of security, entitlement schema and adjustment are related, and how resilience mediates these relationships. Methods : The participants are 250 female high school students from Rudsar city, who were selected by convenience sampling from 5 schools in the academic year 2023-2022. The data were collected online using the following instruments: the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS), the Sense of Security in Family System Questionnaire (SIFS), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CSAQ) and the Resilience Scale (SQRS). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling with LISREL-8.8 and SPSS-22 software. Results : The results showed that the data has a good fit with the proposed research model. The results showed that parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema have a direct and significant impact on the adjustment of female students. Moreover, there was an indirect and significant impact of parent-child interaction, sense of security and entitlement schema on the adjustment of students through the mediating role of resilience (p > 0.05). Conclusion : The results suggest that the type of parent-child interaction, sense of security and the schemas created can influence the individual’s adjustment with the environment, and resilience plays a mediating role in this process. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is recommended to parents, counselors, psychologist and experts in the field of education.

  Subjective : Anxiety is a negative emotional state caused by confronting unfavorable and unmanageable situations. Starting university and facing a new setting often triggers anxiety in students, particularly those who anticipate a demanding work environment. Methods : The study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted in 2023 on the students of Balkh University Faculty of Medicine. A sample size of 120 students was chosen using the basic random sampling approach. Data was collected using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis using SPSS 27. Out of 120 participants, 52 were aged 20-25, 38 were aged 25-30, and 30 were aged 30-35. Out of the respondents, 62 resided in dormitories and the remaining 58 lived in individual residences.  Results : Out of 120 students, 56 had normal anxiety levels, 35 had mild anxiety, 12 had moderate anxiety, 8 had severe anxiety, and 9 had extremely severe anxiety. Conclusion : Therefore, psychologists in student counseling centers should pay attention to reducing the level of anxiety in students and study the reasons for its occurrence.