رحمان سعادت

Remittances are one of the financial inflows that can affect the economic growth of emerging and developing countries through the exchange rate volatility channel. Many small open economies are vulnerable to volatilities and changes in capital inflows so that sudden changes in the exchange rate can affect economic growth negatively by declining investment, trade volume, and profitability. In this study, the effect of the factors that have an impact on the real exchange rate volatility has been investigated and empirically analyzed by using Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Panel Vector Autoregressive (P-VAR) approaches in the selected developing countries including Iran over the period 1980-2017. The results indicated that remittances had a positive and significant effect on the exchange rate volatility of the studied countries so that an increase in remittances caused volatilities in the real exchange rate. In addition, among other explanatory variables, foreign direct investment and government expenditures had the most negative and positive effects on real exchange rate volatilities respectively.

The ultimate goal of monetary policy is to achieve price stability and high output. In this regard, central banks usually change the interest rate, liquidity, and money base in order to apply monetary policies. The John B. Taylor rule is one of the rules known in the transmission of monetary policy.^{^[1]} Based on this rule and given the output gap and inflation gap, the central bank increases or decreases the interest rate. Using library references and theoretical foundations, the current paper employed a descriptive-analytical research method to explain the hypothesis stating, “Taylor rule can be used to redefine an optimal monetary rule in the central bank for the mechanism of the stable monetary policy in the framework of Iranian economy and the Interest-Free Banking Act (approved in 1983) to enforce monetary policy and control inflation.” According to the research results and the fact that Taylor rule was successful in some developed and developing countries, it can be redefined in the framework of the Interest-Free Banking Act of Iran. It can also be used as a highly flexible and appropriate monetary rule and a stable model for the mechanism of monetary policy and inflation control.