بررسی وضعیت شاخص های حکمروایی خوب شهری و تأثیر آنها در بازآفرینی شهری (مورد مطالعه: بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شهر به عنوان یکی از اصلی ترین منابع، نقش بسیار مهم و تعیین کننده ای در توسعه دارد؛ بنابراین، مدیریت شهری جایگاه مهمی در راستای توسعه شهر دارد. در این زمینه حکمروایی خوب شهری با استفاده از ظرفیت نهادهای موجود و ایجاد بسترهای نهادی برای تسهیل در تصمیم گیری و تصمیم سازی پایدار در بازآفرینی بافت فرسوده شهری مؤثر است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی وضعیت شاخص های حکمروایی خوب شهری و تأثیر آنها در بازآفرینی بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان است. روش این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، مبتنی بر گردآوری داده های میدانی و ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه است. در پژوهش حاضر روایی ساختاری و محتوایی پرسشنامه تأیید و سپس پایایی آن با ضریب کرونباخ بیشتر از 70/0 تأیید شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش ساکنان بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان بالغ بر 92203 نفر است. حجم نمونه با فرمول کوکران 380 نفر تعیین شد. نتایج پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون تی تک نمونه ای نشان داد که متغیرهای حکمروایی خوب شهری درسطح کمتر از 05/0 معنادار هستند؛ درنتیجه وضعیت متوسطی در بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان دارند. همچنین، نتیجه آزمون تأیید کرد که بهترین وضعیت مربوط به شاخص عدالت محوری با میانگین رتبه ای 24/4 بوده است. نتیجه آزمون تی تک نمونه ای نشان داد که وضعیت بازآفرینی بافت فرسوده در شهر سمنان ضعیف بوده است. علاوه بر این، نتیجه رگرسیون به تأثیرگذاری 2/63 درصد حکمروایی خوب در ارتقا بازآفرینی شهری اشاره دارد که دو شاخص شفافیت و عدالت به ترتیب با مقدار بتا 324/0 و 311/0 بیشترین تأثیرگذاری را بر بازآفرینی دارند. درمجموع، حکمروایی خوب شهری به عنوان یک الگوی مدیریت شهری می تواند در بازآفرینی بافت فرسوده مؤثر باشد.Investigating the Status of Good Urban Governance Indicators and Their Impact on Urban Regeneration (Case Study: The Worn Texture of Semnan City)
Background: As one of the main sources of development, the city has a very important and decisive role. Therefore, urban management plays an important role in the development of this factor. In this context, good urban governance by using the capacity of existing institutions and creating institutional platforms to facilitate decision-making is effective in recreating the worn-out urban texture.Objective: In this research, the objective is to investigate the status of good urban governance indicators and their impact on the regeneration of the worn-out texture of Semnan City.Research Method: In this study, the descriptive-analytical research method was based on collecting data through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was also verified with a Cronbach coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of 92,203 residents in the worn-out texture of Semnan. The sample size (380 people) was determined by Cochran's formula.Findings: The result of the one-sample t-test showed that the variables of good urban governance are significant at a level of less than 0.05 and have an average status in the worn-out texture of Semnan city. Also, the result of the test confirmed that the best situation was related to the central justice index with an average rating of 4.24. The result of the one-sample t-test showed that the healing state of the texture was weak. In addition, the regression result of the 63.2 percent effectiveness of good governance in promoting urban regeneration indicates that two indicators of transparency and justice have the greatest impact on regeneration with beta values of 0.324 and 0.311, respectively. Overall, good urban governance as a model of urban management can be effective in recreating the worn-out texture.Keywords: Good Governance, Regeneration, Worn Texture, Urban Development, Semnan City. IntroductionGood urban governance and urban regeneration are two important concepts that are not important on their own but are related to each other. Good urban governance helps by creating transparency and citizens' participation in the urban decision-making process, improving urban management, and creating equal opportunities for urban development. Meanwhile, urban regeneration aims to improve the conditions of urban space in order to improve the quality of life of citizens, and increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of cities as economic, cultural, and tourism centers. Urban regeneration can be a result of good urban governance because in the process of urban regeneration, with the transparency and participation of citizens, urban needs and problems are identified and solutions are provided to solve these problems. Therefore, good urban governance and urban regeneration are interdependent, and efforts to improve both lead to improving the quality of life of citizens and sustainable development of cities.The city of Semnan is one of the important cities in which the discussion of urban regeneration is important because a significant part of the geographical area of this city is its worn-out and historical context. Due to the fact that its historical context as a part of Qoms state has been on the main highways of the country for a long time due to its location on the Silk Road, it can be considered one of the valuable and historical cities in Iran that nearly 450 hectares of its area has turned into a worn-out structure. The existence of various physical, economic, social, and environmental problems, including issues related to access, public spaces, infrastructure, networks, employment, poverty, environmental issues, social damages, etc. in the texture of this city shows the importance of its regeneration. In this research, an attempt has been made to first study the status of good governance indicators and regeneration in this area of Semnan City, and then to analyze and explain the influence of governance indicators on the regeneration of the worn-out texture. Materials and MethodsThe descriptive-analytical research method, in this study, was based on collecting data through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was verified and its reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of 92,203 residents in the worn-out texture of Semnan. The sample size (380 people) was determined by Cochran's formula. Research FindingsThe result of the test showed that all variables of good urban governance (22 variables) were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Based on the reported averages, the best situation was related to the variable of educating citizens and increasing public awareness with an average of 3.831. Moreover, the level of criticism and responsiveness of managers to citizens with a value of 3.636, the right to access services with an average of 3.615, and the free circulation of urban information and facilitating access to them with a value of 3.602 are in the next ranks. In addition, the lowest average is related to the two variables of managers’ efforts in providing services at a lower cost and with higher quality and more satisfaction with a value of 3.242 and the compilation and publication of city rules and regulations to inform and guide citizens with a value of 3.315.The result of the Friedman test to measure the significance of the difference and prioritization of the validity indicators shows that the indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the rank average of the Friedman test shows that the highest average rank was related to the central justice index with a value of 4.24, which shows the biggest difference among the 7 governance indices. Also, the transparency index with an average of 4.18 and the participation index with an average of 4.12 are in the second and third ranks.Examining the status of regeneration indicators in the worn-out texture of Semnan City with the T-Tech test showed that except for the index of access network and roads with a significant level of 0.086, other urban regeneration indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. According to the reported averages, the best situation was related to belongingness with an average of 3.531, social cohesion with an average of 3.421, and social relations with an average of 3.376, which had an average higher than the average of the test (3). Examining the average of other urban regeneration indicators shows that there is no favorable situation. Among these indicators, participation and attention to the role of people, professional education and skills, job opportunities, distribution of wealth, attracting capital, preventing single-use construction, urban equipment and infrastructure, water-saving measures, and optimal management of energy consumption can be mentioned.In addition, the regression result confirmed that there is a significant relationship between good governance and regeneration, and governance indicators can contribute more than 63.2% to improving urban regeneration and promoting it. In this context, the two indicators of transparency and justice have the most influence on the regeneration of the worn-out texture with beta values of 0.324 and 0.311, respectively. In sum, good urban governance as a model of urban management can be effective in recreating worn texture. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsThe result of this research showed that the variables and indicators of good governance are in average condition. The best situation is related to the variable of educating citizens and increasing public awareness, criticism and accountability of managers to citizens, the right to access services, as well as the free circulation of urban information and facilitating access to them. Examining the results at the level of governance indicators also confirms that the central justice index and then transparency have the best status among the governance indicators in the worn-out texture of Semnan City.The result showed that the state of regeneration of the worn-out texture of Semnan city is not acceptable because the examination of various indicators in terms of economic, social, physical, and environmental regeneration shows that, except for a few cases, in terms of regeneration of this tissue, there is no visible performance from the citizens’ point of view and there are various problems and issues.There is a significant relationship between the indices of governance and regeneration of the worn-out texture in such a way that governance indicators can help promote texture regeneration. The result showed that, in this context, the most influential factor(s) among governance indicators in urban regeneration is/are related to the two key indicators of transparency and justice. In fact, these two indicators can provide the necessary background for the development and regeneration of the worn-out texture. According to the mentioned results, it is suggested that to improve the transparency index and its effect in the regeneration of the worn-out texture, access to information should be provided for everyone in urban management. It is also suggested that development plans and programs at the neighborhood level should be emphasized with the participation of citizens in the decision-making process.
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