سنجش عدالت اجتماعی در ساختار فضایی بندر دیر با تأکید بر کاربری های خدماتی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
توزیع نامناسب کاربری های خدماتی یکی از چالش های مهم در برنامه ریزی شهری است. شهر بندر دیر از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. هدف از پژوهش حاضر سنجش عدالت اجتماعی در ساختار فضایی شهر بندر دیر با تأکید بر کاربری های خدماتی است. در گام اول روش پژوهش، موقعیت نقطه ای نُه گروه از کاربری های خدماتی بر اساس نقشه های وضع موجود شهرداری لایه بندی شد. سپس، هر یک از کاربری های نه گانه خدماتی با استفاده از روش دلفی و پرسشنامه متخصصان، وزن دهی و در نهایت، پراکنش فضایی هر یک از کاربری های خدماتی با استفاده از توانمندی های سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (Euclidean Distance و Weighted Overlay) تحلیل شد. منتشر نشدن چنین مطالعه ای در بندر دیر خود دلیلی بر نوآوری پژوهش حاضر است. به عبارت دیگر، این نوع مطالعات برای اولین بار در سطح شهر بندر دیر انجام شده است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که پراکنش فضایی کاربری اداری-انتظامی در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارد و به تبع آن کاربری های فضای سبز شهری، فرهنگی و درمانی پراکنش ضعیف دارند. یافته های کلی پژوهش نشان داد که پراکنش خدمات در 9/58 درصد از مساحت شهر بندر دیر در سطح خوب و بسیار خوب قرار دارد. از سوی دیگر، سطح پراکنش خدمات عمومی در 09/41 درصد از مساحت کل شهر متوسط رو به پایین است. بررسی نقشه های پژوهش نشان داد که پراکنشی ضعیف و بسیار ضعیف در پهنه های نوساز شهر اتفاق افتاده است. به عبارتی، با حرکت از پهنه مرکزی شهر به سمت حاشیه شهر، پراکنش خدمات، سطحی ضعیف و بسیار ضعیف پیدا می کند.Measuring Social Justice in the Spatial Structure of Bandar Dair (Dair Port) with an Emphasis on Service Uses
Background: One of the important challenges in urban planning is the inappropriate distribution of urban service uses. The border city of Bandar Dair is no exception to this rule.Objective: The purpose of this research is to measure social justice in the spatial structure of the border city of Bandar Dair with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of service uses.Research Method: In this regard, in the first step, the point position of nine groups of service users was layered based on the existing maps of the municipality. Then, each of the nine service uses was weighted using the Delphi method and experts' questionnaire. Finally, using the capabilities of the GIS (Euclidean Distance and Weighted Overlay), the spatial distribution of each service use was analyzed.Research Innovation: Conducting these studies has not been reported or published in the area, and for the first time, this type of study is being conducted in the city of Dair. It is innovative and new.Findings: The results of the study show that the spatial distribution of administrative police use is suitable and the uses of urban, cultural, and therapeutic green spaces are poorly distributed. The general findings of the research show that in 58.9% of the area of the city of Bandar Dair, the distribution of services is at a good and very good level. On the other hand, 41.09% of the total area of the city has a medium to low distribution of public services. By examining the maps of the research, we realize that in the new areas of the city, a weak and very weak distribution has happened. In other words, as we move from the central area of the city to the outskirts of the city, the distribution of services tends to be weak and very weak.Keywords: Spatial Distribution, Service Uses, Social Justice, Bandar Dair. IntroductionIn sustainable urban development or a sustainable city, justice in access to urban services for all citizens must prevail. There should be no obvious spatial separation in income and social groups, all people and groups have access to basic services and facilities, and residents have equal positions. This will be achieved if urban lands and the allocation of resources and facilities between spatial units and socialization should take place in an equal way and at least with relative equality. The city of Bandar Dair in Bushehr province, as a border city, has grown rapidly both in terms of population and body in the last few decades. But in the meantime, the required urban services have not been developed and distributed in accordance with the growth and expansion of the population and the body. This unbalanced situation has caused social inequalities in different areas of the city. As the surveys show, the marginal and new part of the city has low access to service uses. In other words, the pattern of distribution of service uses has not been in line with the growth and development of the city. As a result, it has caused dissatisfaction in the less privileged areas, promotion of intra-city travel, and spatial displacement of the city's population. Therefore, in this research, we investigate social justice in the spatial structure of the border city of Bandar Dair, emphasizing the spatial distribution of service uses. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to measure social justice in the spatial structure of the border city of Bandar Dair with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of service uses. Materials and MethodsThe current research is an applied study in terms of its purpose and a descriptive-analytical study in terms of its nature and methodology. This research seeks to measure social justice in the spatial structure of the border city of Bandar Dair with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of service uses. In order to answer the research question, this research has been done in three general stages: the first stage is dedicated to collecting and creating service user layers in Arc-GIS-10.8 and Google Earth Pro software. Therefore, the location of each of the service users was identified using the maps of the current situation of Bandar Dair Municipality as well as Google Earth Pro software and entered into the software as point layers. In the next step, service users were weighted based on the experts' questionnaire information and using the Delphi technique. In this way, after collecting the questionnaire, the relative score of each service use was summed up and each service use was scored, not the service use group (educational, sports, therapeutic, cultural, park and green space, religious). Urban equipment, transportation, warehousing, and police administration were classified into five classes (very good, good, medium, poor, and very poor distribution). In the third step, the Euclidean Distance technique was used to analyze the service level of urban services. Then, all the layers were blurred using the Raster Calculator command in the ArcGIS10.8 software environment. In addition, using the same command, the weight of different users on the maps was applied and finally, layers were overlapped using the Weighted Overlay command. The statistical population of this research includes experts and specialists in the field of urban planning in the city of Bandar Dair. The sample size is selected based on the Delphi method. According to previous studies, usually, 5-30 people are selected. In this research, 30 questionnaires were provided to the experts, and 23 questionnaires were collected without defects. The sampling method is also targeted sampling. For the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the questionnaire was completed by experts, and the results were provided to the experts and approved. Research FindingsBased on the investigations, the distribution of service uses in an area equal to 6.72% of the total area of Bandar Dair city is at a very poor level. In addition, the distribution of main services in 12.82% of the area of this city is at a poor level. Distribution of services has been done in 21.55% of the level of Dair Dam, in 35.65% of the area of the city at a good level, and finally, in an area equal to 23.28% of the distribution of services at a very good level. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsExamining the current land use situation in Bandar Dair shows that the share of residential use was higher than the ideal balance or standard ratio. Regarding the investigated service uses, therapeutic, cultural and urban parks and green spaces are severely lacking, and in terms of spatial distribution, the distribution is also not in good condition. The presence of a lot of barren lands in the city limits can be used as a capacity to improve land uses that are lacking. In addition, the use of urban equipment and transportation and warehousing are deficient in terms of per capita, but in terms of spatial distribution, they are at a good level. Police administrative use with a per capita equivalent of 14.52 square meters is in good condition, and in terms of spatial distribution, it is also at a good level. Educational, sports, and religious uses are in good condition per capita. Some urban uses, such as sports and educational uses, have a high share of the urban area due to the large size of the mentioned parts, which does not necessarily mean a balanced distribution of these uses in different spatial scales. Finally, the examination of the system of partial uses in the mentioned area shows that the contribution of some service elements in its overall distribution is unusual, and therefore the need to adjust and provide some uses is felt. Examining the maps obtained from the research shows that weak and very weak distributions have occurred in the newly developed areas of the city. In other words, as we move from the inner city areas to the outer city areas, the service distribution tends to be poor and very poor. Finally, it can be said that in order to provide residents access to urban services, it is necessary to locate all kinds of public services in the outer and newly developed areas of Bandar Dair, so that spatial justice and appropriate distribution of service uses can be done.
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