COVID-19

Introduction: Whenever there is an outbreak of infectious diseases, psychosocial impact has been observed on individual and social levels globally. The psychological and social effects of the COVID-19 epidemic are potential and widespread, which affect people's mental health in the long term. The present study aimed to investigate the role of neuroticism in predicting psychological distress through perceived stress and loneliness in covid-19.Method: This research was carried out in the form of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population of the research was all the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 300 of whom were selected through convenience sampling, and the neuroticism scale was from the short form of the Neo questionnaire, the Cohen et al.'s perceived stress questionnaire, the Kessler psychological distress questionnaire, and the loneliness scale. Social Emotional Assessment for Adults (SELSA-S) was administered to them. Then the obtained data were analyzed using Spss26 and Amos22 software.Results: The results showed that neuroticism is related to psychological distress through loneliness and perceived stress. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of loneliness, perceived stress, and neuroticism with stress, anxiety, and depression.Conclusion: Therefore, considering the increasing spread of psychological distress, it is necessary to reduce people's psychological distress by teaching self-care skills and stress management.

The current study's prime objective was to assess virtual reality games' impact on the mental skills of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 228 elite athletes were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 57 controls and experiments. All subjects in the control and experimental groups received virtual reality games for 15 minutes for ten sessions; then, each group was re-examined. The control group performed a follow-up test according to the posttest after two weeks using the Ottawa mental skills assessment questionnaire (OMSAT-3), and repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to test the hypothesis (P≤0.05). The results obtained using repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that virtual reality games influenced elite athletes' mental skills in COVID. From these findings, it can be said that virtual reality games can improve the mental skills of elite athletes during COVID-19

Background: The effects of wearing common masks during maximal exercise activities on individuals remain unclear.Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of wearing surgical and N-95 masks on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses in healthy men performing a maximal shuttle run test.Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy men (age 23.78 ± 2.0) participated in three sessions: without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N-95 mask, with a one-week interval between each session. After each test, physiological variables (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and oxygen saturation), perceptual variables (comfort/discomfort and perceived exertion), and performance variables (maximum oxygen consumption and shuttle run test duration) were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare differences between the conditions.Results: Significant differences were observed between the conditions with and without a mask in terms of oxygen saturation (P= 0.043), blood lactate concentration (P= 0.026), and perceived exertion, maximum oxygen consumption, and shuttle run test duration (P= 0.001), with the no-mask condition demonstrating superior outcomes in all variables. The type of mask (surgical or N-95) did not significantly affect the measured variables. Wearing both masks led to an increased sensation of moisture, heat, shortness of breath, and fatigue.Conclusion: Wearing masks, especially during intense physical activities, may impair physiological and performance metrics, recommending mask-free outdoor settings when feasible.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed major shortcomings in healthcare data systems worldwide, particularly the need for accessible and transparent data sharing. In Iran, these shortcomings were particularly visible due to the lack of a structured open data network in the healthcare sector. Hence, this study addresses the barriers to open data networks in healthcare. METHODS: This study used Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) supported by MICMAC analysis to examine and prioritize barriers to the establishment and use of open data platforms in the Iranian healthcare system. Data were collected through expert consultations with eight experts in the field of health information and policy. FINDINGS: The analysis revealed significant barriers to implementation, including lack of government coordination, high startup costs, and inadequate technology infrastructure. For use, the most prominent barriers included the lack of data standards, poor data management, and uncontrolled growth of unstructured data. Many of these barriers were interrelated, and some acted as root causes that hindered systemic progress. CONCLUSION: Addressing these challenges requires coordinated strategic efforts focused on increasing ICT competencies, upgrading infrastructure, and strengthening institutional support. Establishing a functional open data network is essential to improve public health outcomes and enable faster responses to future health crises in Iran.

Objective: The current study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle and cognitive function, overweight, and sleep quality among children and adolescents in Abyek city during the quarantine period. Method: In this study, a descriptive-analytical research method was used, and a combination of stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was employed for sampling. The study population included 2152 students (1184 girls and 968 boys) from elementary and middle school levels in Abyek city. Data were collected using electronic questionnaires, which were a compilation of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ localized in 2009), Beck Physical Activity (Beck et al., 1982), Cognitive Function (Nejati et al., 2013), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sent online to the students. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed and examined. Findings: This study found no significant correlation between students' BMI and their dietary habits or physical activity level (p > 0.001, rs = 0.45) as well as between physical activity level and dietary habits or cognitive performance. However, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and physical activity level scores (p < 0.011, rs = 0.26), and between cognitive performance and sleep quality (p < 0.001, rs = 0.49). Regarding gender differences, male students had a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity level compared to female students (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively), and there was a significant difference in dietary habits between boys and girls (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of sleep quality and cognitive performance (p = 0.180 and p = 0.693, respectively). Conclusion: According to the study, it appears that changes in diet, physical activity, and sleep quality affect students' cognitive performance during the COVID-19 quarantine. These results indicate that planning to maintain and control physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during quarantine is essential to mitigate potential negative effects on students' cognitive performance.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program based on the threats and opportunities of remote work for dual-career couples during the COVID-19 pandemic on work-family conflict and its dimensions. Method: This was a quantitative, applied research employing a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test/post-test with a control group. The sample consisted of dual-career couples from Kerman city who sought counseling for various reasons. Collaboration was negotiated with a private counseling center, and agreements were made. Couples scoring above the cutoff on the prepared questionnaires were purposively selected, resulting in 20 couples who were then randomly assigned to either the experimental group (10 couples) or the control group (10 couples). The experimental group underwent the educational program while the control group received no training. The data collection instrument was the work-family conflict questionnaire by Carlson et al. (2000). Data in the quantitative section were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with the help of SPSS software. Findings: Given that the computed F-value for the effect of groups on work-family conflict and its dimensions was statistically significant at the 5% level (p < .05), it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the intervention, and the intervention significantly impacted work-family conflict and its dimensions. The Benferroni post-hoc test indicated that the effects of the educational program based on opportunities and threats of remote work on work-family conflict and its dimensions showed suitable stability during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational package derived from the lived experiences of dual-career couples during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak was effective on the dimensions of work-family conflict among couples, and this effect was also stable in the follow-up phase.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of systemic family therapy in reducing alexithymia, increasing psychological capital, and enhancing mental vitality in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental design utilizing a pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children in the city of Mashhad, referring to the Avaye Salamat Center (total number: 70 individuals). Data were collected using a cluster random sampling method, ultimately selecting 30 individuals and assigning them into two groups of 15 each, experimental and control. For data collection and assessment of desired features and conditions, demographic forms and marital intimacy, forgiveness, and marital burnout questionnaires were used. Participants in the experimental group underwent systemic family therapy according to Bowen's (2009) protocol in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, twice a week. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS-16 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that systemic family therapy significantly reduced alexithymia (F=6.25, P=0.004), increased psychological capital (F=9.65, P=0.001), and enhanced mental vitality (F=7.29, P=0.001) in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children (P<0.05). Conclusion: Systemic family therapy can be utilized to improve alexithymia, psychological capital, and mental vitality in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children.

  Objective: Nowadays, the excessive use of smartphones has become a major public health concern. In this context, a syndrome known as Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged, which is linked to various mental health issues. : This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on a statistical population consisting of students from the University of Tabriz. A total of 337 students were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the FoMO scale, and analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between FoMO and the personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that personality traits serve as good predictors of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO).

Background : This study was descriptive, analytic applications that aim to determine of Study of Physical education teachers’ capabilities in Mazandaran University of educators in providing active teaching methods were performed. Method: Two types of questionnaire to collect data from students and educators, teacher training centers in Mazandaran University were analyzed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out by highly qualified teachers. Moreover, the study also documents, the unit responsible for libraries, educational technology and teacher training institutions in the field of laboratory facilities and the services units were interviewed. In this study, 56 teachers and 207 students were examined . Results: The results of testing hypotheses show that the amount of teaching experience and qualification of teachers and facilities, Educational Technology Center and the amount of library facilities and teacher training institutions selected by the instructors teaching methods and valid relationship is not statistically significant (α>0.05) and the way teachers teach and students to conduct research activities and research interest rate relationship is valid and meaningful. Teaching between teacher and student learning outcomes are valid and statistically significant relationship exists (α≤0.05) . Conclusions: Based on instructional objectives and course content and learning conditions to select an appropriate method for teaching and to deepen students' educational media makes maximum use of the facilities.

Introduction and Objective: A thorough understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience critical situations such as an epidemic is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the lived experiences of patients with schizophrenia residing in a care center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Methodology: The qualitative research method used was phenomenology. Patients with schizophrenia who were residing at the Sarai Ehsan Rehabilitation Center were selected purposefully. Based on the rule of theoretical saturation, sampling continued until 31 patients were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis method followed Colaizzi's approach, and the data were manually analyzed by the researchers. Findings: Data analysis led to the identification of 308 primary codes. Five main themes were extracted: (1) patients’ perceptions and causes of the disease, (2) patients’ views about quarantine, (3) feelings and emotions during the period of quarantine and illness, (4) patients’ actions during the period of quarantine and illness, and (5) sources of information about the disease. These main themes included 32 sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting quarantine significantly affected the experiences of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are encouraged to use these findings in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia during infectious disease outbreaks.

Aim:There is no doubt that the Covid-19 pandemic is one of the most destructive mental health crises of our time. This study investigated the role of emotional security, cognitive fusion, and repetitive negative thinking in predicting stress caused by Covid-19. Methods:The descriptive research method used in this study was correlation, and the target population was the first-semester undergraduate students at Payame Noor University in Kermanshah during the academic year 2021-2022. In this regard, 174 students were selected as a statistical sample using the available sampling method and evaluated by Annie E Casey Belonging and Emotional Security Tool of family services, Gillanders et al Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Ehring et al Repetitive negative thinking questionnaire and Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18) Questionnaire by Salimi's et al were analyzed online. The data were analyzed by SPSS22 software using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. Results: Based on the results, Covid-19 stress has a negative correlation with emotional security and a positive correlation with cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking. As a result of multiple regression analysis, cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking are significantly related to stress from Covid-19, and cognitive fusion with a Beta of 0.22 is more powerful in predicting stress from Covid-19. Conclusion:According to the findings of this study, cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking play a significant role in causing stress from Covid-19. Psychological interventions can be designed based on these results in order to reduce the stress associated with Covid-19.