Faith

The relationship between faith and reason can be discussed at two different levels. One is called Rreligious Eepistemology which deals with the rationality of faith, and while the second level deals with the relation of a set of data available to the human mind because of revelation and what is available to human mind throthough his reason.. In this paper I argue that the prominent way of justifying faith in contemporary Shi‘ite t Thought is the argument from the data of reason. Regarding to the relation of the data of revelation and the data of reason, we must consider three forms of it separaetely. In the case of a contradiction of revelation and the reason, they usually give the priority to reason and use the method of interpretation (ta’vil) for making them cohernt with each other.. In such cases whereich reason and revelation have the same assertion or revelation says and reveals what is beyond reason without the contradiction between the two, they usally accept revelation as the source of knowledge.

Background: Eco-theism is a science that studies the relationship between natural phenomena and problems of religious knowledge, e.g. “infidelity and belief”. The current study has been conducted in order to assay the relationship between the religious problems like “belief and infidelity” and nature and is a subcategory of environmental ethics. We intend to answer the question that whether there is a negative or positive relationship between belief and nature or not? According to Islam, some of natural and material events or in other words, natural actions and reactions are the result of individual vision and action. While materialistic perspective opposes this view and interprets this type of action and reactions in materialistic terms. Studying Quranic verses and prophetic traditions one reaches the conclusion that there is a relationship between people’s vision and degree of belief, on the one hand, natural problems, on the other hand. Conclusion: The present study is composed of two parts: first, we provide an explanation of the concepts of infidelity and faith and then in the second part we proceed to explain and analyze the relationship between the type of action of people and nature as well as the impact of the type of people’s belief. The method is descriptive-analytic. Thus, first religious texts will be discussed and next we will analyze its relationship with natural phenomena. The results suggest that although natural developments take place through their natural course, these natural developments do not have merely material color rather natural events evolve within a metaphysical context.

For many religious people there is a problem of doubting various creedal statements contained in their religions. Often propositional beliefs are looked upon as a necessary, though not sufficient, condition, for salvation. This causes great anxiety in doubters and raises the question of the importance of belief in religion and in life in general. It is a question that has been neglected in philosophy of religion and Christian theology. In this paper I shall explore the question of the importance of belief as a religious attitude and suggest that there is at least one other attitude which may be adequate for religious faith even in the absence of belief, that attitude being hope. I shall develop a concept of faith as hope as an alternative to the usual notion that makes propositional belief that God exists a necessary condition for faith, as Plantinga implies in the quotation above. For simplicity’s sake I shall concentrate on the most important proposition in Western religious creeds, that which states that God exists (defined broadly as a benevolent, supreme Being, who is responsible for the creation of the universe), but the analysis could be applied mutatis mutandis to many other important propositions in religion (e.g., the Incarnation and the doctrine of the Trinity). I am not sure how these ideas fit into Islamic thought, but I offer up my paper to stimulate discussion between Christian and Islamic philosophy on the subjects of faith and doubt.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Most of those with a materialistic mindset believe that religion has no place in this technological age; That is to say, for the progress and salvation of man in this modern age, man is in no need of a religious belief, as it is considered obsolete. In the religious worldview, however, faith is a light that gives direction to life and it is one of the crucial requisites for salvation in this world and the Hereafter. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to examine the role of faith (i.e) in attaining a goodly pure life in this modern age in the light of verse 97 of Surah al-Naml. METHOD AND FINDING : The methodology used in this research work was a descriptive-analytical research method in which the available data are analyzed based on logical and textual evidence. The outcome of this research showed that the life of a faithful is indeed worthy and ideal, while a life that is devoid of it is a worthless and imperfect one. CONCLUSION : Similarly, a goodly pure life without faith in God and righteous deeds is infeasible. For it is only under the shadow of faith that man could attain both material and spiritual developments.

In order to achieve peace, humanity has believed in all kinds of recitations and rituals in rituals, rituals, emerging mysticisms, etc., and has remained completely faithful to it. The result of believing in such a dhikr is not only that there is no peace, but some of these dhikrs cause more suffering, pain and anxiety. Research findings will show that from the perspective of Quranic teachings, what makes peace more stable and lasting, in addition to believing in Quranic teachings, acting on psychological arrays such as kindness to people, love for people and empathy. And it is kindness to people. In many verses, the Holy Qur'an expresses the joy and happiness caused by goodness, respect and love for others, the cause of eternal peace and security, and this prescription is a way for all humanity to be saved from confusion, surprise and anxiety in addition to To follow the teachings of the Qur'an is to perform righteous deeds such as benevolence to the people. The method of realization in this research is qualitative and the studies are based on library research and the use of Quranic verses.

Time is the basis of human life in this world and it is not only his biological background, but also a background for his intelligent life. Man thinks about time and looks at it from the angles of different sciences; from physics to philosophy; and from cosmology to anthropology. The concept of "Time" has also received attention in the Qur'an, and due to the dedication of an independent surah to this concept and the oath to time has assigned a special place to it in the form of the concept of "al-ʿAṣr". The epistemological connection of this concept with the concepts of "Man", "Loss", and "Faith" is very important from an existential point of view, which organizes the current approach in this article. The existential and existentialistic condition of man is the condition of this world that requires timing. This is a possibility for humans, which indicates a time limit for humans. This situation is associated with the feeling of loss in the passage of time, which is absolute and inseparable from the situation of this world. This is the human condition and, of course, it is a condition that presents possibilities to the human being. Time passes on man and confronts man with the concept of eternity and immortality. Eternity is placed in front of man as a possibility to face an existential contradiction in order to achieve salvation as an existential concern by choosing faith in a transcendental and spatial origin and destination.

Contemporary philosophers of religion have predominantly focused on understanding the nature of faith, yet there has been a lack of attention towards a particular type of faith that we can call inquiry-based faith. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring some challenges associated with inquiry-based faith. I argue, in particular, that while this is a widespread kind of faith, we face a dilemma in showing how it is possible and plausible. On the one hand, faith that P requires acceptance of P, and on the other, if someone is inquiring into whether P is the case, she must not already accept that P is the case. Borrowing a conceptual framework from recent literature on inquiry, I propose a solution to this dilemma by appealing to parts of the story of Abraham in the Quran. I suggest, specifically, that one can have faith that a partial answer to a question is the case, and at the same time, seek further inquiry into the question for a more complete answer. As such, I support the idea that inquiry-based faith is a possible and plausible option for both faithful people and inquirers.

The question of ratio of faith to security in Islamic discourse is an important issue with theoretical and operational value. Different views have been put forward on this case that can be classified in two main groups of “traditionalists”, and “religionists”. Traditionalists believe in separation between the security theory and Islam, while the religionist group speaks of the necessity of religiously understanding of security and they support the Islamic theories. Although traditionalism has been criticized and rejected by the Islamic revolutionary discourse, and today, the religionist approach is being supported in the realm of security-related studies, it should be noted that religion-based viewpoints are not similar and diverse approaches have been represented to explain the ratio existing between faith and security. This paper is going to understand and explain security in the light of theory of “comprehensive presence of faith toward Almighty God”. According to that theory, Islam is considered as the demonstrative of a new discourse in security realm which is contrary to ignorance discourse, and monotheism is considered as the central column of security. Contrary to this perception of ignorance about security that believes in understanding the meaning of security based on pluralism, polytheism, customariness, profiteering, jealousy and unenlightenment, Islam represents a new theory according to which, security is based on monotheism, religious governorship, prosperity, commitment, and guidance.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: Since the early centuries of Islam, there have been numerous discussions on the subjects of disbelief and faith, as well as examples of both in Islamic society, which refer to believers and disbelievers. Meanwhile, the authors of sectarian books like “Milal wa Nihal” have tackled this matter from a sectarian perspective, frequently attempting to differentiate the Heretical sects from the Saved ones. Based on this, this research aims to examine the approach of Islamic sect-historiographers on faith and disbelief and happiness and misery. METHOD & FINDING: Based on the works of Islamic Islamic sect-historiographers who have benefited from a descriptive-analytic approach, this study covers the first five centuries of Islamic history. Research indicates that the topic of faith and disbelief in the writings of Muslim sectarians is influenced by the sect to which they belonged, to the extent that the regulation and prioritization of this issue is evident in their works. CONCLUSION: The findings of the research demonstrate that Muslim sectarians occasionally attempt to disparage rival sects in their writings by employing improper language, blaming them for not believing in a Hereafter, or even accusing followers of other sects of being deviant Muslims.

The paper concentrates on the philosophical discourses of four thinkers – Soren Kierkegaard, M. K. Gandhi, R. D. Ranade and B. R. Ambedkar on Ethics and Religion. Soren Kierkegaard, whose journey in philosophy made him pass through the aesthetic stage to ethical stage and ultimately religious stage landing in the realm of “faith”; where an individual arrives at without any rational commitment. M. K. Gandhi, whose journey in life encompassed politics, economics, and social realms where the underlying paradigm has always been religion. He did not consider ‘truth’ and therefore ‘morality’ as segregated from religion. R. D. Ranade, while mentioning the criteria of mystical experience, very empathetically mentions that a mystic (a saint) has the element of universality, is intellectual, emotional, has the intuitive experience of ‘spiritual realization’ and cannot be devoid of morality. B. R. Ambedkar, instead of accepting Christianity or Islam, consecrated into Buddhism; that befitted Indian contextual situation critiquing the popular Brahmanism, believed that religion must be in amalgamation and consonance with reason and scientific temperament. And this criterion was fulfilled by Buddhism (indeed with other criteria).  His adopting Buddhism was more of a political movement rather than spiritual; therefore, his Buddhism in the transformed format, is called Neo-Buddhism. The research article concludes by comparing these masters’ views and ideologies in the context of ‘a possibility of ethical religion’ that has appealed my conscience.