Integration

Since the 9/11 bombings in New York, and the 7/7 bombings in London, Muslims’ integration in the UK has been under intense scrutiny. Muslim integration, however, has long been a matter of debate in Britain, revolving around the maintenance of Muslims’ distinctive identity and practice. For instance, David Cameron (Cameron, 2011), Britain’s then Prime Minister, announced at the Munich Security Conference that “state multiculturalism” has encouraged “different cultures to live separate lives, apart from each other and apart from the mainstream”. In criticizing multiculturalism, most critics mainly refer to Muslims as being less integrated into wider society than people from other minority groups, and Muslims are shown to be disloyal. The complexity of Muslims’ integration and its dependency on different social, structural and cultural factors are, however, mostly less studied. This paper is designed to understand the social and cultural barriers to Muslim integration. In doing so, it aims to explore Muslims’ integrational strategies to deal with these barriers. Findings of this paper draw on research that involved 43 semi-structured interviews with Muslims across Scotland’s major cities and small towns.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of organizational structure in Farhangian University according to the integration approach. Methodology: The present study was a survey research approach in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection approach. The statistical population of this study included managers and staff of Farhangian University. According to the latest statistics and information available in the Vice Chancellor for Planning and Information Technology of Farhangian University in the academic year 2017-18, a total of 890 staff and managers of Farhangian University in Tehran (all campuses with Headquarters) were working. In order to determine the sample size, Morgan table was used. According to Morgan table, 270 samples had to be selected. Also, due to the presence of the researcher in Kermanshah, Kermanshah city campuses were used and a total of 328 people were selected. The instrument used in this study was Robbins (1989) Organizational Structure Questionnaire which examines three dimensions of complexity, formality and focus in the organization, the reliability of which was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85. Data analysis was used at two descriptive levels (mean and standard deviation) and at the inferential level; one-sample t-test was used. Findings: The results showed that the organizational structure of Farhangian University was moderate in complexity, low in formality and high in concentration. In other words, the sub-component of complexity (3.04) is moderate, the sub-component of formality (2.44) is lower and the sub-component of concentration (3.10) is higher than the average. All these results are calculated according to t And were statistically significant at the level of 0.05. Conclusion: Organizations are known through their manpower and structure, so an organization that has a proper structure and decent manpower is ready for its effectiveness

Social media is an interactive technology, that came into reality out of fun for  interaction,  but it has advanced towards a powerful tool for instruction globally. However, despite its use and relevance, the utilization and  its self-efficacy to learning have not been significantly be aware of. Therefore, this study investigate social media in the context of area of study for learning and its self-efficacy. Descriptive research of cross-sectional survey method and purposive sampling was used to sample 2,458 postgraduate students across the universities in South-west, Nigeria.  Through administering the instrument of study questionnaire. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences between postgraduate students to use social media for learning based on their area of study  t(2,2456)=5.93;p>0.05. Self-Efficacy, t(2,2454)=0.56;p>0.57. The study concluded that postgraduate students’ have positive perception towards social media. It was however recommended that the use of social media should be encouraged in facilitating learning.

Aim of this paper is to search and find ways and methods of constructivism teaching and learning ideas in teaching the architectural design studio. The objective is to extract all the positive things constructivism has to offer the architectural design studio for efficient teaching and effective learning. Although there are similarities in the curricula of training architects all over the world, but educators go about it in their own convenient and suitable ways and styles. And this is leading to inadequacy in the standards of teaching the arch-design studios in the contemporary world. The topic has become very relevant and timely as arch-educators and other stakeholders are of the opinion that something has to be done to improve the ways and methods of training architects, especially the teaching of the arch-design studio. Through exploration of critical analytical review of literatures and interviews, this paper finds ways and methods of constructivism in teaching the arch-design studio. These ways and methods are critically explored through the research themes of collaboration, integration, adaptability and motivation. By teaching and learning with constructivism ideas in the arch-design studio the students would be grounded in designing with creativity ideas and therefore we can have professionals that design and build creatively, functionally, satisfactorily and safely. It means we can have real buildings and places that satisfy our clients, the society and in harmony with the environment.

For years, virtual learning has been proposed as a dominant approach to overcome the limitations of traditional education. The spread of emerging technologies and the connection of citizens to the Internet has made virtual courses much more accesible than before. As the citizens of the third millennium refer to electronic shopping centers to purchase their goods, they expect to receive the instruction they require through virtual means. This trend, along with the increasing expectations, has created a gap between the current and the desired situation in the education process. Digital content management is considered as a facilitator to respond to emerging requirements. In this article, while explaining the dimensions of transformation in Virtual learning, the importance of digital content management in improving the effectiveness of virtual learning has been emphasized. The article would be a starting point for further research on the integration of digital content management in the virtual learning process.

Purpose : Library users need to have integrated access to digital library content and services. Preparing these services needs syntactic and semantic interoperability infrastructure. Nowadays most digital library applications syntactically have the ability to exchange with each other. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to propose semantic integration architecture for digital libraries to enable them to prepare new semantic services for their users. Method : This study was carried out in the following steps: firstly research literature was collected and studied. Studying research literature helps the researcher to prepare a primary version of the checklist to collect data in this study. The next step aimed to survey the semantic interoperability ability of digital library management systems. In this regard, 26 Iranian digital library management systems were studied by the researcher-made checklist in the previous step. The studied digital library management systems have syntactic interoperability functionalities. Then this study’s semantic integration architecture was proposed according to the analysis and results of the study. Finally, the "demonstration" method was used to assess the proposed architecture. Findings : Findings showed that studied digital library management systems focused on textual materials and paid very little attention to other library information resource formats. Moreover, in many cases, the studied digital library systems did not fill the contents of semantically needed metadata fields. On average, they attempt to document metadata fields such as subject and keywords, by existing reference materials such as Library of Congress Subject Headings and subjective thesauruses that they needed. Conclusion : According to the findings, the architecture of the semantic integration model based on the results of this study was proposed with three data, inference machine, and application layers.

The formation of Islamic civilization based on its universal achievements is considered one of the most important turning points in the history of mankind. Throughout history, this civilization has experienced many ups and downs. The elements and factors shaping Islamic civilization have always tried to revive this civilization and universalize it throughout the time. With the collapse of the bipolar world order and the strengthening of regionalism in the international arena, Islamic countries are provided with a good opportunity to restore Islamic civilization and raising the concept of Islamic Ummah as an important pillar of power in the future world. The realization of this issue, however, requires the unification and integration of Islamic countries as main players of the revival of Islamic civilization.