مطالب

Background: As societies have become more complicated to manage, it is already unavoidable for governments to evaluate public policies. Moreover, adherence to professional ethics is an important criterion in evaluations. Therefore, the present research sought to provide a model for public policy evaluation based on the aspects of professional ethics. Method: The approach of the present study was mixed (qualitative- quantitative) and in terms of purpose it was applicable research. In the qualitative section, participants included academic experts and governorate experts of Golestan province, 14 of whom were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews and coding method was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the managers and experts of the governorate and governorates (630 people) that the sample size was 248 people and the sampling method was random. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings. Friedman statistical test with Spss26 software was used to analyze the data. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the validity of the questionnaire from the perspective of experts and its reliability (0.91). Results : The results showed that from the experts' point of view, 6 main themes (quality of effective evaluators in policy, ethical nature of policy, how policy is implemented, factors related to economic planning, openness and accountability and attention to structural issues) and 19 components in public policy evaluation model emphasizing the quality of the dimensions of professional ethics in the governorates of the country. Quantitative results showed that the ethical nature of the policy was the most important component of the general policy evaluation model with emphasis on professional ethics (M = 5.23). Conclusion : It can be concluded that the public policy evaluation model with an emphasis on professional ethics has different cultural, economic, social, and professional elements, which for better governance of provincial governments, they must be considered by executive authorities at the country’s macro and micro levels.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between participatory ethical culture and evaluating the performance of knowledge employees and its outputs in knowledge-based companies in Tehran. Method: This study was applicable in terms of purpose and research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was senior managers and deputies of knowledge-based companies in Tehran. By simple random sampling method, 400 people were selected as the sample with a return rate of 388 people. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation tests and partial least squares method have been used. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between evaluating the performance of knowledge staff with individual outputs and organizational outputs. Also, the moderating effect of participatory ethical culture on the relationship between performance appraisal of knowledge employees and individual outputs as well as the relationship between performance appraisal of knowledge staff and organizational outputs has been confirmed. Conclusion: When there is a culture of participatory ethics in an organization, performance appraisal, although it increases organizational outcomes, further leads to improved individual outcomes.

Covering and Hijab's problem after the Islamic Revolution's victory has always been one of the most critical challenges of the Islamic Republic, especially in youth, students, and society's elite. The present study investigates the crucial doubts and questions about the Hijab and expresses scientific and convincing solutions and answers with the analytical-descriptive method and library resources. While describing the history of the Hijab in Islam and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the present study responds to the vital and new suspicions that have recently been raised by opponents of the Hijab and some anti-Islamic media. Doubts are as follows: the conflict between the Hijab and the freedom and progress of women, the lack of connection between the Hijab and innocence, the different perceptions of Muslims about the Islamic Hijab, the incorrect citation of the legality of the Hijab, etc.. Based on the results, the Islamic Hijab has no conflict with freedom (in its real sense) and never hinders the individual's growth, perfection, and maturity. Innocence and modesty accompanying Hijab can strengthen family privacy and lead to society's intellectual and spiritual health. All Islamic jurists agree on the necessity of the Hijab. There should be no confusion between the decisions of the rulers of Islamic countries and the people's behavior about Hijab, with the exact order of Islam that it is necessary to observe Hijab.