مطالب

As one of the richest intellectual domains of mankind, Islamic culture has played a prominent role in the formation of diverse dimensions of Islamic community. In this regard, the rich Islamic art, which is intermixed with the elegance of Islamic architecture, is regarded as one of the aspects of Towhid (belief in the oneness of God) and divine worldview. Since the mankind is not a single-dimensional creature, and is innately inclined to beauty and innovation, architects have sought to create an original work imbued with spiritual meanings and themes within a material realm through reliance on their experience, thoughts, individual creativity as well as an aesthetic spirit on one hand, and the manifestation of spirituality and other notions on the other. The contemporary human, by setting out on journey on the earth, has made an attempt to seek knowledge and awareness, and Islamic architecture is considered as an epiphany of human nature as well as a manifestation of contemplation and existence in the depth of human spirit, which is believed to be one of the most significant elements of tourism. The present research is aimed at exploring the conceptual symbols in Islamic architecture originating from Islamic worldview, as the rich Islamic principles have inspired Muslim architects, whose thoughts and environment have been influenced by Islamic worldview. The present article has been written adopting a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that architectural elements in Iran have not been created without taking Islamic ideology and concepts into account, but rather all the elements applied are endowed with spirituality and divine symbols.

One of the mos t significant concerns of urban planners, at metropolitan cities, especially in old and worn out textures, is the reduction of the quality of life and the environment, so they are always seeking for a way to improve these qualities. Low level of available services and amenities, besides physical and social disorders, have caused numerous problems and have totally become as important factors of unsus tainability in such a metropolitan area. In this article, we aimed to identify those effective factors which contribute to environmental quality of neighborhoods, such as Cyrus in the city of Tehran, which have experienced urban decayed. A research method that was employed in this paper is descriptive – analytical. Data were obtained from ques tionnaires dis tributed to a randomly selected sample of 384 respondents also the interview technique was applied to gather data from residents. After that ques tionnaire was developed using the identified external and internal factors, and determined s trategies adminis tered to 30 experts in the field of urban planning. Further, experts participated in the formal group discussion in order to weight SWOT factors and prioritize the identified s trategies, respectively. The results of this s tudy sugges t that according to the perspective of residents, experts reflected in the s trategic analysis plan by using the SWOT, Internal and External (Matrix IE) and QSPM matrix; one of the key factors and the mos t preferred s trategy to improve environmental quality in Cyrus is considering social factors such as maintaining local and original residents, increasing safety/security, keeping identity of neighborhoods and creating open spaces and decent leisure places.

Perception and experience gained in the contemporary school could not help human beings' active learning. Totally, participation is the main element in active learning and thus, the active participation of students in the learning process is emphasized by education and learning in secondary schools. Given the importance of active learning, in this paper, the effective components in this type of learning has been identified. Among the three components involved in active learning, the component of participation in the learning process is selected and after a study of the model, two factors affecting the participation of children in the learning process are specified including social pattern and activation pattern of participation in the learning process. In this paper, the research uses a mixed method including a quantitative part and a qualitative part. The quantitative part uses a univariate T-test and the qualitative part uses a case-study method and content analysis to analyze the semi-structured interview. The study population in the quantitative part includes 279 male students of a secondary school in the city of Shiraz and the qualitative part includes 43 male students of the seventh grade of a secondary school in Shiraz. The results show that the majority of the respondents prefer a small class size. The findings emphasize the concept of participation in the learning process and introduce the factors of social interaction, individual and group activities, involvement and experience in the learning process for the indoor educational environment design and ultimately emphasize the factor of interaction as the most important criterion. 

The main aims of this research are the design and implementation of a multilayered and interactive geomatic map of the cultural heritage of Tuscia, one of the richest and most complex cultural areas of Italy, thanks to the presence of different civilizations, from Etruscans and Romans to the Middle Age. Its cultural heritage is very rich, valuable and above all diversified because including tangible and intangible manufacts and artifacts, placed in a peculiar natural context. For this reason, the research finds to purpose a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) map able to match some of the geomatics options in the field of the cultural heritage with a double level database recording, defined according to the Midas standards. This  GIS map of Tuscia was designed to be useful for two different kinds of targets: informal users, like travelers and schools, but first of all entities, institutions, and organizations which protect, promote and manage that mentioned heritage.

Green Marketing is becoming a buzz for the society nowadays and people start shifting their demands towards a product which is related towards environmental safeguard. Nowadays companies from different industries sectors are showing their keen interest and taking various initiatives towards green marking. Electronic products having eco safeguard and are less detrimental to the environment are labeled as Energy star by United States Environmental Protection Agency In the United States, 2% of annual electricity consumption accounts for personal computers. The requirement of Energy Star labels is of computers, which possesses 65 % more efficiency label than regular products. By adopting these computers, $1.2 billion will be saved by the industries over the product’s life. In the year 2012, the Environmental Protection Agency Partnership with Walmart based on Green Power recognized Walmart in the United States as the largest green power generator. In year 2012, Walmart was able to deliver 297 million more cases while reducing the drive by 11 million miles, which in 2012 alone increases fleet efficiency by 10 percent. This present study aims to identify emerging areas in green marketing in different sectors of industries exploring the scope and effectiveness of the same in developing countries.

Social diversity in the neighborhood districts has been the new approach for the challenges resulting from varieties in cities. Social interpreters of this policy are to create neighborhoods where people of different ages, ethnic-racial backgrounds, income, etc. take a place in it. In this regard, many designers by using the concept of different forms of ownership such as housing schemas, different types of constructing and housing etc. have tried to promote it. Due to the less interest that came toward this issue, the knowledge of this mechanism is poor in urban ecology of Iran. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of urban design in promoting the social mixing which is determined with the research of the Abadan community areas. Relevant parameters have been studied with library studies, field visits and by the use of qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. Therefore, after reviewing the relevant concepts, we are going to test hypotheses by the exامینation of case studies, and finally, the influences of urban design criteria are presented.