مطالب

This article explores the themes of national and cultural identity as depicted in the thoughts and works of Rabindranath Tagore- a pivotal figure in specifically sub-continental literature, and Ferdowsi- the legendary Persian poet. Both writers, separated by centuries and cultural contexts, utilized their literary genius to reflect on nationhood and cultural pride. Tagore, writing during the British colonial era in India, and Ferdowsi, during the formation of a unified Persian identity under various rulers, offer unique perspectives on how literature can serve as a vehicle for expressing and shaping national identity. This essay delves into how these literary giants contributed to forming cultural consciousness and national identity in their respective societies by comparing their thoughts and beliefs showcased in their works.

Le harem, lieu de splendeur et d'enchantement, alimentant les fantasmes liés à l'Orient, constitue un pilier de l'Orientalisme tel que théorisé par Edward Said. Ce stéréotype, longtemps fondé sur des témoignages masculins, est remis en question par la redécouverte et l’étude des récits de voyage féminins depuis la fin du XXe siècle ; ceux-ci nuancent voire contredisent le canon masculin. Marga d'Andurain (1893-1948), voyageuse et aventurière, s'installe à Palmyre puis décide de partir en Arabie Saoudite pour participer au pèlerinage du Hajj et rejoindre le Golfe Persique. Cependant, les autorités saoudiennes ne l'autorisent pas à accomplir son projet et, dès son arrivée, elle est cloîtrée dans le harem du sous-gouverneur de Djeddah. Cet article vise à analyser la représentation du harem dans son récit rétrospectif, Le Mari Passeport, à la lumière de la thèse d'Edward Said tout en tenant compte des évolutions critiques postérieures. Nous chercherons à déterminer si ce récit s'inscrit dans le champ intertextuel orientaliste ou s'il propose une vision plus subtile et originale du harem. Notre étude révèle que si Marga d'Andurain, comme d’ailleurs d’autres voyageuses ayant eu accès au harem, offre un regard plus nuancé que ses prédécesseurs masculins sur le monde oriental, son témoignage, traversé par des schémas interprétatifs coloniaux, ne parvient pas à décoloniser totalement sa représentation.

Background: Players are under more pressure in soccer matches. In those conditions, they must use visual information to make better decisions. However, few studies have investigated such conditions of soccer players.Aim: The aim of the present study investigates the effect of under-pressure conditions on decision-making and visual search behavior of soccer players.Materials and Methods: Eighteen soccer players with a mean age of 14.5 (and SD ±1.5) from Tehran Youth Premier League took part in this study. Decision-making task included 60 images of 3 simulated soccer conditions on a monitor including neutral (no pressure), result pressure, and monitoring pressure. During all of these conditions, eye movements were assessed by an eye tracker device.Results: The results of repeated measures ANOVA test showed the speed and accuracy of decision making, the number of fixations and the mean duration of eye fixation were significantly affected in all three conditions. In addition, the results showed a significant reduction in decision-making speed in two conditions of result and monitoring pressures and a significant increase in decision accuracy and the mean number and duration of eye fixation in the two conditions of result and monitoring pressures compared to neutral pressure.Conclusion: Due to the changes in visual and speed-accuracy mechanism of decision making and the importance of these factors in the successful performance of soccer players, it is recommended that soccer coaches create psychological pressure conditions during training sessions, ask players to see with better concentration and attention, and to decide more quickly and accurately so that they can better overcome the challenges in competition environment.