مطالب

Les deux notions fondamentales dans le domaine de la linguistique textuelle sont : la cohésion et la cohérence. Ces deux notions entrent à la fois dans la production du texte et dans son interprétation. Alors, comment s’organise un texte ? Quelles sont les règles de la cohérence textuelle ? Quelle différence y a-t-il entre la cohérence et la cohésion ? Comment mieux interpréter un texte à la lumière de ces règles ? Telles sont les questions qui seront débattues au cours de notre communication. Au fil de notre travail, nous allons nous référer à la conception de différents linguistes tels que : Michel Charolles, Jacques Fontanille, Lita Lundquist et Dominique Maingueneau. En effet, on peut dire que la cohérence est une condition textuelle qui nécessite des rapports logiques et non-contradictoires entre les différentes phrases du texte, elle se rattache principalement à la signification générale de la totalité du texte, selon Michel Charolles (cf. Introduction aux problèmes de la cohérence des textes, 1978), quatre règles régissent cette propriété du texte et qui sont : la règle de répétition, la règle de la progression de l’information, la règle de non-contradiction et la règle de relation. A son tour, La pédagogue danoise Lita Lundquist distingue entre trois niveaux de cohérence : un niveau thématique, un niveau sémantique et un niveau pragmatique. Dans cet article, nous essayerons de relier les trois niveaux de cohérence établis par Lita Lundquist avec les quatre principes de la cohérence établis par Michel Charolles pour mettre en place un modèle d’analyse textuelle qui pourrait nous faciliter l’interprétation et la réception d’un texte littéraire quel qu’il soit. En ce qui concerne la cohérence thématique, nous allons étudier les procédés de répétition ainsi que les trois types de progression. Pour ce qui est de la cohérence sémantique, nous allons parler de la méta-règle de non-contradiction chez Michel Charolles. Quant à la cohérence pragmatique, nous allons présenter sa quatrième règle de la cohérence à savoir : la règle de relation.

In this study, we have examined the effectiveness of operant conditioning on the development of linguistic skills in Persian children with autism. It was a quasiexperimental study, and done by using pre- and post-tests. We randomly selected 40 children (6 girls and 34 boys, 5-10 years old) and divided them into experimental and control groups comprising of 20 children each. We used the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) to screen subjects and the Test of Language Development (TOLDP: 3) to measure their language skills. Both groups received grammatical comprehension and grammatical completion subtests. Using the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) method, the experimental group was then subjected to 48 one-hour intervention sessions ran for 24 weeks. After the intervention, we ran a post-test in both experimental and control groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. In the experimental group, the mean score in the grammatical completion subtest had increased by 4.2, and in the grammatical comprehension subset, the mean score had increased by 3.6. In contrast, in the control group, the mean score of the grammatical completion and comprehension subtests had increased by 0.25 and 0.3, respectively. The findings suggested that operant conditioning had direct effects on the improvement of the 5-10 years old Persianspeaking children with autism.

Symbolic figures, in addition to decorative aspects, are indicator of culture, religion, art and political and social structures of a government and country in ancient times. During the Sassanid era, symbolic figures flourished further with the mixture of religion and polity and their examples can be seen in most of the remaining artworks from the same era that could found during archaeological excavations. Investigation of symbolic figures in the Sassanian rock reliefs and stucco is a necessity but unfortunately, has not been independently and elaborately addressed to this date. It is necessary to investigate this significant aspect using archaeological and historical evidence. This study, which is considered as a kind of fundamental research based on its objective and a historical one with respect to its nature and methodology, obviously indicate that the dominant symbolic figures in Sassanian rock reliefs and stucco have had religious origins.

This article aims at studying ecofeminism in Vladimir Nabokov’s Laughter in the Dark . Nabokov’s works have been the matter of different perspectives since they have been created but this article claims that what has so far been neglected about his works is that Nabokov’s novels pay respectful attention to nature and its problems. Ecofeminism, a branch of ecocriticism, has been created and widened recently by some prominent thinkers like Susan Griffin and Elizabeth Bishop. In the context of ecofeminism, the similarities between nature and women in having two opposite sides is the site of authorship for some contemporary writers. Nature and women, according to them, are both healer and killer simultaneously. The article shows how these two sides are presented in Nabokov’s novel, and, by means of which it, tacitly, claims that Nabokov, as in his other works, worships nature and its elements.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 4-week core stability training program on landing kinetic parameters in athletes with functional ankle instability during a single-leg drop landing exercise. Methods: This study used a pre-post quasi-experimental design and was conducted in the biomechanics laboratory. A total number of 24 athletes with functional ankle instability participated in two experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed core stability training for 4 weeks. The kinetic variables (maximum vertical Ground-Reaction Force [GRF], maximum shear GRF, and time to peak vertical GRF) were measured with force plate at the frequency of 400 Hz, in the pre-test and post-test. The obtained data were compared using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA in SPSS V. 18. Results: In the experimental group, all variables significantly differ between the pre-test and post-test. Also, the ANCOVA and MANCOVA indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all variables. Conclusion: The results indicated that the core stability training improved the kinetic parameters of landing in people with functional ankle instability; thus, it can reduce the re-injury risk of the ankle.