مطالب

Software testing is an expensive and time-consuming process. These costs can be significantly reduced using automated methods. Recently, many researchers have focused on automating this process using search algorithms. Many different methods have been proposed, all of which using a means of heuristic or meta-heuristic search algorithms. The main problem with these methods is that they are usually stuck in local optima. In this paper, to overcome such a problem, we have combined the firefly algorithm (FA) and asexual reproduction optimization algorithm (ARO). FA is a bio-inspired algorithm that is very efficient at exploitation and local searches; however, it suffers from poor exploration and is prone to local optima problem. On the other hand, ARO can be used for escaping from local optima. For this combination, we have inserted ARO into the steps of FA for increasing the population diversity. We have utilized this combination for automatic test case generation with the aim of covering all finite paths of the control flow graph. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we have utilized it for generating test cases for a number of programs. Results have indicated that, while giving similar results in terms of the test coverage, the proposed method is significantly better than the existing state of the art algorithms in terms of the number of fitness evaluations. Compared algorithms are FA, ARO, traditional genetic algorithm (TGA), adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA), adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO), hybrid genetic tabu search algorithm (HGATS), random search (RS), differential evolution (DE), and hybrid cuckoo search and genetic algorithm (CSGA).

Building and maintaining brand loyalty is a vital issue for market research departments. Various means, including online advertising, helps with promoting loyalty to the brand amongst users. The present paper studies intelligent web advertisements with an eye-tracking technique that calculates users’ eye movements, gaze points, and heat maps. This paper examines different features of an online ad and their combinations, such as underlining words and personalization by eye-tracking. These characteristics include underlining, changing color, number of words, personalizing, inserting a related photograph, and changing the size and location of the advertisement on a website. They help advertisers to improve their ability to manage the ads by increasing users' attention. Moreover, the current research argues the impact of gender on users' visual behavior for advertising features in different Cognitive Demand (CD) levels of tasks while avoiding interruption of users’ cognitive processes with eye-tracking techniques. Also, it provides users the most relevant advertisement compatible with CD level of a task by Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm with high accuracy. This paper consists of two experiments that one of them has two phases. In the first and second experiments, a news website alongside an advertisement and an advertising website is shown to the users. The results of the first experiment revealed that personalizing and underlining the words of the ad grabs more attention from users in a low CD task. Furthermore, darkening the background promotes users' frequency of attention in a high CD task. By analyzing the impact of gender on users' visual behavior, males are attracted to the advertisement with red-colored words sooner than females during the high CD task. Females pay more prolonged and more frequent attention to the ads with red-colored words and larger sizes in the low CD task. The second experiment shows that the gazing start point of users with a right to left mother tongue language direction is mainly in the middle of the advertising website.

INTRODUCTION: Social participation has proved to be effective in the establishment and development of civil societies, assuming great importance in this regard. The Red Crescent Society, as the largest non-governmental organization (NGO) in the country and the oldest NGO in the world, is engaged in humanitarian activities at both national and international levels through attracting and retaining volunteers and public participation. METHODS: The present practical quantitative cross-sectional field study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and citizens' voluntary participation in the activities of the Red Crescent Society. The statistical population included all volunteers participating in the activities of the Isfahan Red Crescent Society, out of whom 384 cases were selected as the sample. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software. FINDINGS: It can be seen that religiosity in various dimensions is one of the important sources of increasing the voluntary participation of citizens, which increases the various dimensions of voluntary participation. In this regard, it can be said that Islam especially Shia religion due to its collective nature of abundance can play a very important role in increasing the voluntary participation of citizens and the Red Crescent Society, as a non-profit public institution, can also use this capacity to advance its transcendent goals. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, there was a positive and significant relationship between religiosity dimensions (belief, experience, practice, knowledge, and consequences) and voluntary participation in the activities of the Red Crescent Society; therefore, all research hypotheses were confirmed. Furthermore, based on the results of the structural equation model (SmartPLS), religiosity had a moderate effect on voluntary participation in the activities of the Red Crescent Society.