مطالب

The history of branding in Iran dates back to a few decades and its importance has recently been recognized by businessmen. The present study aims to add to the scientific aspect of branding, clarify the issue of branding, identify its principles and provide guidance for those making decisions in branding issues. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide a model for branding sporting sportswear in Iran . In the category of basic and data-based researches, this research is of mixed nature. This kind of study includes predetermined and emergent methods, open-ended and closed-ended questions, various forms of data, content and statistical analysis, and the final conclusions are based on the findings obtained from both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The present study was done using the exploratory tool compilation plan and based on it; the qualitative aspect of the research was done. Purposeful sampling and snowball sampling technique were used to perform in-depth interviews. A total of 15 interviews were conducted with experts. In fact, the sampling continued up to the step that the research reached to an adequate theoretical saturation. Based on the results, branding and sale of sportswear were classified into seven and eight levels, respectively. The findings include value creation, customer perception, online sales, accessibility, online payment conditions, displaying other customers' views and monitoring the sales. The research results also revealed all levels of recognizing the customer needs, competitors' activities, sportswear-related services, facilities, identification and pristine advertising that should be taken into consideration to brand Iranian sportswear.

Deforestation has been one of the most detrimental consequences of the prevalence of European anthropocentrism in North America. European settlers who immigrated to North America found themselves in a bountiful paradise with infinite untrammeled natural resources that could be utilized to make a fortune. Likewise, they inflicted irremediable damages on nature upon the onset of their settlement in this continent. Investigating Louis Owens’ Wolfsong from an ecocritical standpoint, this article seeks to highlight the massive deforestation conducted by the white Americans in the Northwest of the United States of America. As a qualitative, research-based study, this article commences with the theoretical framework and subsequently focuses on the representations of the critical concepts in Wolfsong . It shall be indicated that the perspective held by the White Americans towards nature drastically collides with that of the indigenes. More exactly, the argument of this research follows the distinction between the treatment of nature by the Euro-Americans and Native Americans in Wolfsong .