مطالب

INTRODUCTION: Relief organizations, especially the Red Crescent, lack any specific entrepreneurial strategy and program for production, identification, and distribution of relief supplies. These organizations mainly focus on the preparation and distribution of supplies in times of crisis. In this regard, the present study aimed to design an entrepreneurial supply chain model with an emphasis on technology in 2020 in Iran. METHODS: The present study was conducted based on a qualitative and quantitative design. In the first phase, some indicators were obtained by observing the current situation and interviewing 30 experts. Following that, the final model was achieved by considering all indicators and categorizing the topics. In the Delphi process, experts' interviews and theoretical consensus suggested some hypotheses. In other words, in the second phase, structural equation modeling was used to finalize the model. In the next stage, the final questionnaire was provided to 186 Red Crescent employees. FINDINGS: After the analysis and extraction of the criteria from the interviews, components of the model were retrieved, and two questionnaires were designed. The first questionnaire was about supply chain management encompassing four main components of customer integrity, supplier integrity, internal integrity, and innovative orientation. The second questionnaire was related to technology, including seven components: personal characteristics, attitudinal factors, educational factors, technical factors, economic factors, environmental factors, as well as human and managerial factors. Considering the KMO value (˃0.7) and the significant value of the Bartlett Sphericity test, it can be concluded that the data are suitable for factor analysis. The model fit values all exceeded 0.9, indicating that the model has a “good fit. The path coefficients were significant for seven relationships at the level of 0.05. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, the supply chain in disasters requires experts' comprehensive approach and innovative perspectives. The tendency of countries to take innovative measures in disasters requires macro-policies at the national and regional levels. Therefore, all dimensions and aspects of the entrepreneurial supply chain in disasters must be considered in order to attain the final goal which is effective and efficient disaster management.

INTRODUCTION: Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases. METHODS: This field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin. FINDINGS: Rational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.