زهرا ملامحمدعلیان مهریزی

INTRODUCTION: Disasters, both natural or manmade, have been a serious threat to human life and property for many years. The shortest response time is certainly the most important factor in increasing the survival of victims in disasters. Considering the vital importance of time in relief operations, the aim of this study is to investigate the response time in various incidents and disasters by the aid workers of the RCS by the provinces of the country during the years 2012 to 2020. METHOD: This descriptive-quantitative study is cross-sectional and data was collected by the Rescue and Relief Organization of IRCS during the years 2012 to 2020 in all Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) of the country. The variables contain the year, the province, the time interval between the occurrence of the disasters and the notification by the RCS aid workers, the time interval between their notification and presence at the scene of the disaster. The median (first and third quartile) after removing the outliers was used to report these times by year and province in the three years of 2012, 2016 and 2020. A line chart was applied to examine the trend changes during the study period. FINDINGS: The results show that the maximum minutes between the occurrence of road accidents and the notification of RCS aid worker was not reported in any province in 2012, and in many provinces, this time are equal to 5 minute. The highest mean minutes were seen 7 in Gilan province and 6 in Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Khuzestan and Yazd provinces in 2020. Also, this figure has decreased from 5 in 2012 to 4 minute in 2020 in the country. The highest mean of minutes in 2012 and 2020 belongs to Qom province with 11.5 and 13 minute. The median of these minute has increased from 5 in 2012 to 9 in 2020. In urban accidents, the median time of notification and presence of aid workers at the scene has decreased from 5 to 4 and increased from 5 to 7 minute, respectively. On the other hand, in mountain incidents, a decrease of one minute (from 10 to 9) and an increase from 20 to 36 minute can be seen in the mean of the times of notification of the accident and presence at the scene, respectively. CONCLUSION: According to the type of disasters and the climatic and geographical conditions of the provinces, the duration of disaster relief is different and determining the standard criteria for it depends on various factors. It seems that the time between the occurrence of a natural disaster and the notification and the time between the notification and the presence at the scene in road, urban and mountain incidents are at a favorable level in the RCS.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual education and learning exert diverse effects on courses of different natures. Moreover, considering that the prime goal pursued by universities of applied sciences and technology is to focus on skills enhancement, the method of presentation, and the tools used. The teaching method should be designed appropriately and evaluated in terms of effectiveness. The current research, focusing on the effect of virtual education on practical and theoretical courses, seeks to assess the impact of virtual education on the achievement of the goals of the University of Applied Sciences and technology during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Applied Science Higher Education Institute Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-survey design. The data collection tools were information and data, library resources, and a researcher-made questionnaire. FINDINGS: Based on the results and the means obtained for each item, holding question and answer sessions with the highest number of good and very good items ranked first. On the other hand, uploading videos and photos to the system and providing links to related resources ranked in last place. CONCLUSION: According to the experience of virtual education in recent years following the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of hybrid methods, including online and face-to-face teaching, is recommended for teaching in skill-oriented higher education centers.

INTRODUCTION: The achievement of organizational goals depends on the ability of employees to perform the assigned tasks and adapt to the changing environment. The implementation of training and improvement of human resources allow people to effectively continue their activities and increase their efficiency in accordance with organizational and environmental changes. The present study aimed to assess the impact of information and communication technology on self-directed learning among Employees at the Red Crescent Society of Tehran. METHODS: This research was applied-descriptive and survey-type. The statistical population of the current research included all 1800 employees at the Red Crescent Society of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 317 subjects were selected by simple random sampling and answered the questionnaires. To check the variables of the research, a 73-item questionnaire was used, which assesses the two variables of information and communication technology and self-directed learning. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions, and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. Research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling using LISREL software. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the indicators of the questionnaire, and the model of path coefficients and significant coefficients was applied to examine the hypotheses. FINDINGS: The results of the analyses demonstrated that information and communication technology and each dimension of using computers, media (radio and television), the Internet, educational software, and mobile phones had a significant positive effect on self-control, willingness to learn, and self-management among the employees at Red Crescent Society of Tehran. CONCLUSION: In every organization, the management must make sure that the employees recognize the importance of learning since it is a key factor in the success of the organization. It is necessary for the management of every organization to remove mental models and old beliefs and, considering the role of information technology in learning and creating transformations in learning methods, provide the grounds for its application among employees.

INTRODUCTION: Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases. METHODS: This field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin. FINDINGS: Rational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.

Introduction: One of the main weaknesses and problems in the field of road accident management is the lack or non-use of appropriate information systems. The overall aim of this study is to reduce the impact of road accidents in the west, southwest, and south routes of Tehran Province, Iran, by designing Management Database responsible for road accidents. METHODS: This was an applied study performed using the descriptive-analytical method in which the data entry and analysis were conducted in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment in line with the objectives. Then, according to different requirements of the various users, an appropriate analysis was performed on the layers and the software spatial analysis was applied in line with the main objective of the study. In the next step, the desired outputs were extracted from the system and the main output, i.e. the comprehensive database of spatial data required to manage road accidents, was provided to the management levels of various organizations for planning. FINDINGS: In this study, the accident-prone areas in the studied routes were identified using the kernel density estimation (KDE) method. CONCLUSION: Performing various analyses on geographical and descriptive information and providing appropriate outputs and also sharing them can play an effective role in reducing injuries caused by road accidents.