مطالب

The caused rapid spread of the Coronavirus, or Covid-19, has a pandemic with effects beyond health-related issues. Scientists a referred to this "total as social reality," event profoundly as it has changed our daily lives and behavior, and has had, will continue to have, far-reaching economic and political impacts. This article seeks to show how the Corona epidemic has affected neoliberalism, which has become one of the dominant discourses of international relations and governments since the 1980s. Library sources and analytical-descriptive method were used to conduct this research. The results of this article show that the Corona pandemic has revealed the moral vacuum and economic failures at the heart of the neoliberalism-based "development" model that has dominated global economic relations since the 1980s. Rather than putting politics and economics at the service of citizens, neoliberalism has forced workers to serve the needs of the market. At the same time, neoliberalism has discriminated public services, especially health care, against in the face of the coronavirus challenge

This study introduces a collection of manuscripts of Münşeʾât ve Baʿżî Vaḳâyiʿ-i Sulṭân Süleymân Ḫân that are preserved in the Austrian National Library with the signature of H.O. 50. This research aims to shed light on the history of Ottoman-Safavid relations through their direct correspondence. Furthermore, it checks the accuracy of the printed version of documents Mecmûʿa-i Münşeʾât üs-Selâṭîn (Istanbul, 1858), which are a major source of the two medieval empire of Iran and Turkey, as modifications have already been demonstrated by distinguished scholars such as Kurt Holter. The results of this study show that the aforementioned manuscripts contain 75 documents, including letters and campaign diaries. A total of 32 letters and one campaign diary are related to the relations during Ottoman ruler, Suleiman I and Ismail I and Tahmasp I of the Safavid Empire. In addition, correspondence of these two empires from Münşeʾât ve Baʿżî Vaḳâyiʿ-i Sulṭân Süleymân Ḫân can be found in Mecmûʿa-i Münşeʾât üs-Selâṭîn (Istanbul,1858).

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of stock tendency to deal with fluctuations and price fluctuation thresholds in creating fluctuations. The statistical population of the present study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange that were present in the stock exchange during the years 2005 to 2018. In order to confirm and reject the research hypothesis, Eviews software has been used. In Tehran Stock Exchange, following severe stock price fluctuations, the stock price fluctuation mechanism is used to limit severe stock price fluctuations, and according to certain periods, the range of stock price fluctuations changes and over time the range of fluctuations increases. The basis of trial and error has been determined and in a short period of time there have been many changes in the procedures related to the application of stock price fluctuations, without really measuring the impact of these decisions in the market and investors' reaction to changes in price fluctuations. Findings showed that the number of times each share hits the price fluctuation Yield fluctuation has a significant effect.slow efficiency fluctuations have a significant effect; And in line with the concepts of hyper-reactive theory, it can be justified, that is, after the price reaches the range of fluctuation, the trend reverses and the basis of the fluctuation limit changes; It has changed the volatility of stock returns based on jump and price continuity.

Audit quality is one of the most important issues in the field of auditing and the capital market. Defining a framework for determining the quality of audit is important so the present study seeks to rank and compare the factors affecting audit quality from the perspective of different groups using a multi-attribute TOPSIS technique. In this research, first, 15 influencing factors were selected as quality indicators using library studies, and then these indicators were analyzed using TOPSIS multi-attribute technique by distributing questionnaires among four groups including: researchers and faculty members, audit institutes, chartered accountants, members of the audit committee, and financial managers of the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and they were rated and compared. From the view point of the of researchers and faculty members, auditing institutes, auditing committee members and chief financial managers, the most important effective factors on the audit quality are professional level of the auditor in the industry expertise, number of employed chartered public accountants and quality control score, respectively. The results of index comparison test indicates that from the view point of the four studied groups, there is a sensible difference between 15 abovementioned indicators.

The labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating employment and equilibrium in the labor market. This article evaluates the effect of fiscal policy on labor demand in Iran from 1976-2018. During this period, the government has implemented employment-generating projects, tax and insurance exemptions via annual development programs and budgets, and encouraged investment in areas with high unemployment rates. we examined the effect of current government expenditures, government development expenditures, and taxes to study the effect of government fiscal policies on labor demand. In this article, we estimate the dynamic function of labor demand using the ARDL technique. According to the theoretical foundations and empirical studies in the specified function, labor demand is a function of intermittent values and independent variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real wages, capital stock, current government expenditures, government development expenditures, tax revenues, and dummy variables of imposed war and the UN Security Council sanction. The results showed that fiscal policy has not had a positive effect on labor demand in the Iranian labor market in the short and long term.

Monetary policy plays an important role in managing the economy, but success in applying this policy requires that the monetary authority understands the process of monetary transmission in the economy. Thus, it is not possible to study the effects of monetary policy on the economy without studying the channels of monetary policy transmission. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of a monetary policy through different channels of monetary policy transmission on inflation and production in terms of time process and extent of effectiveness by using Iran's data over the period of (1960 to 2018) through the method of new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium have been investigated. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by analysing the impulse-response functions and calculating the method of moments of the second order. The results of the model show that the effects of monetary policy shock are transmitted through the nominal growth rate of money, the real exchange rate on inflation and production without oil. Also, this effects by increasing the interest rates on bank deposits through the monetary base lead to increase production without oil, and through the monetary base, the exchange rate and the price index of domestic goods reduce inflation.

In today's competitive markets, brands are always trying to create a desirable image of their products and services to elicit more favorable tendencies in customers. Beyond the marketing efforts of brands, there is an important factor that can either strengthen or weaken these marketing efforts. This factor is related to the country of origin or manufacturer of a brand, which can have an impact on consumer behavior and perceptions of products and brands from that country. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the country of origin and manufacturer on consumer perceptions of the institutional environment of countries and purchasing decisions, taking into account the moderating role of beliefs arising from customer trust. This research is an applied study and, in terms of data collection method, is descriptive-correlational. A library approach was used to extract studies, and a field approach was used to collect statistical data, with the data collection tool being a questionnaire. The study population consisted of customers who own and purchase iPhones from the Apple brand in districts 1, 2, and 3 of Tehran. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to analyze the data, and the software used to analyze the data was SPSS and smart PLS. The results indicate that the country of origin of a brand has an impact on perceptions of the legitimacy and regulatory environment of that country. Additionally, the results show that the country of manufacture of a brand also has an impact on perceptions of the normative environment and regulatory environment of that country. On the other hand, perceptions of the legitimacy of the country of manufacture of a brand have an impact on customer preferences for a brand and a willingness to pay a higher price for a brand. However, the impact of the country of origin on customer purchasing decisions with the moderating role of beliefs in brand benevolence, honesty, and capability has not been confirmed.