مطالب

Aim: Today, many reasons have led to the widespread acceptance from married women towards employment. The growth of women's education level compared to the past, the desire for more economic prosperity, free time and the desire to have social activities are among these reasons. However, economic inflation and men's insufficient income for living is the most important reason for women's employment after marriage. The present research was conducted in 1401 on a community of families living in Tehran, where women started working after marriage. Method: The research method was qualitative and grounded theory, and the research tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview. The data reached saturation with the participation of 19 couples. Results: From the analysis of the conducted interviews, the factors of creating satisfaction/dissatisfaction along with the contexts, facilitators, and interveners and their consequences, as well as the strategies that spouses use to achieve satisfaction from the phenomenon of employment after marriage were obtained. Discussion: The main category finally concluded that spouses' satisfaction/dissatisfaction with women's employment after marriage is based on the quality of the marital relationship and the existence of support resources of the family of origin. Conclusion: The results of current research can be used to adaptively confront the changes resulting from the phenomenon of employment after marriage, and to enrich the relationships of spouses as much as possible and, as a result the stability of families can be extracted from the practical strategies of the model obtained.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of digital leadership and technology flexibility in intelligent decision-making with the mediation of intellectual ethics and team reception. The research method is quantitative, descriptive and of the type of correlation studies based on the covariance-oriented structural equation modeling approach. The research population was all the elementary principals of Kermanshah province, of those 320 principals were selected through stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. To collect data, researcher-made questionnaires of digital leadership, technological flexibility, intelligent decision-making, intellectual ethics and team reception Soltani (2008) were used. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, supervisors and consultants. The reliability of the questionnaires according to Cronbach's Alpha was 0.94 for digital leadership, 0.91 for technology flexibility, 0.95 for intelligent decision making, 0.93 for intellectual ethics, and 0.89 for team reception.  To analyze the data, the descriptive as well as inferential analysis techniques were used through SPSS and LISREL software. Structural equation modeling showed that digital leadership has a direct effect on team reception, intellectual ethics and intelligent decision making. Moreover, digital leadership has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through team reception and intellectual ethics. The flexibility of technology has a direct impact on intellectual ethics, team reception and intelligent decision making. Technology flexibility has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through intellectual ethics and team reception. Intellectual ethics has a direct impact on team reception and intelligent decision making. Intellectual ethics has an indirect effect on intelligent decision making through team reception. Team reception has a positive and direct effect on intelligent decision-making. Finally, the research model has a good model fit

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of school organizational culture on the lean behaviors of elementary school principals by the mediating role of their coaching leadership. The research population was all primary school teachers in Ilam province, from which a sample of 339 teachers was selected using proportional stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. This is a quantitative correlational research study through covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. For data collection, Denison's (2000) organizational culture questionnaire; Pilaz Zuborbuhler et al. (2021) coaching leadership questionnaire as well as, the researcher-made questionnaire of lean behaviors of school principals were used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were investigated with Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to analyze data and test research hypotheses, correlation matrix analysis and structural equation modeling were used with SPSS.v25 and LISREL.v10 software. The results indicated that: 1) the four types of organizational culture (involvement, adaptability, mission and consistency) had a direct, positive and significant effect on the lean behaviors of school principals 2) the four types of organizational culture had an indirect, positive and significant effect on the lean behaviors of school principals through mediating role of their coaching leadership. 3) Four types of organizational culture and coaching leadership of school principals estimated 59% of the variance of their lean behaviors. They were elementary. 4) Among all types of organizational     culture, adaptability culture had the highest effect on principals' lean behaviors

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sustainable educational leadership on teacher productivity with the mediating role of psychological empowerment of primary school teachers in Qom province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The study population in this study were all primary school teachers in Qom. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. At each stage, a school was randomly selected from the list of schools and by referring to that school, the teachers were surveyed; this process was repeated until the sample size was completed and finally 317 people were studied. The collecting tools include questionnaires of sustainable educational leadership, questionnaire of factors affecting human productivity and the standard questionnaire of Spreitzer psychological empowerment. The content validity of the questionnaires has been approved by 8 professors and experts in leadership and educational management. The reliability of the instruments was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that sustainable educational leadership style with a mediating role of psychological empowerment has a positive and significant effect on teacher productivity, there is a positive and significant relationship between sustainable educational leadership style and psychological empowerment and with increasing sustainable educational leadership style, teachers' psychological empowerment increases; The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between psychological empowerment and teacher productivity and this relationship is direct and positive

The application of the gender approach to the holy books has expanded with the rise of feminism in the modern era. The study and extraction of the gender discourses that dominate these books can help in the reconstruction and understanding of relevant historical features. Comparing the gender approach of these books can also introduce us to paradigm shifts in different historical periods. For this purpose, firstly, we have shown in this study that the Qurʾan employs a moderate, complex and hybrid form of all three feminine, masculine and egalitarian discourses.<br />Secondly, the linguistic/narrative approach to the pre-Qurʾanic scriptures and its comparison with the Qurʾanic approach shows the extent of the masculine and sometimes misogynistic approach of these books. A review of some post-Qurʾanic exegesis and hadith books also shows that their gender discourse is more compatible with the masculine approach of pre-Qurʾanic books than the moderate Qurʾanic approach. Due to the large number of sources required for this research, only the gender discourse in the creation story was chosen as a case study.