مطالب

This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of a creativity training program on the executive functions of preschool children. The research method employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, one-month follow-up, and a control group. The population consisted of five to six-year-old children in the preschool stage in District One of Tehran during the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was selected based on Cohen's table with an effect size of 0.5 and a test power of 0.8, equaling 15 participants for each group. 30 children who met the entry criteria were identified and randomly replaced in two control and experimental groups. Participants completed such computer-based tests as Hungry Donkey Task, Tower of Hanoi, Continuous Performance Test, and N-Back Spatial Working Memory. During this period, the control group followed their normal daily schedule. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results indicated that the creativity training program significantly influenced decision-making, problem-solving, continuous attention, and spatial working memory. It is suggested that child psychologists and people dealing with preschool children use creativity training to enhance executive functions in preschool children.Keywords: Creativity training, Executive functions, Preschool children.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify MOOC ethical features of Courses & Online MOOC courses in higher education. Methods: This study was designed as embedded mixed model research to provide a better understanding of the research problem. Throughout this research, both the heuristic inquiry method and the questionnaire method were applied to obtain and analyze the data. At the primary stage, ethical features of Courses & Online MOOC courses were identified. The content analysis method was used for qualitative data, and for quantitative data, both weighted mean and Friedman test were used. The statistical population in the qualitative section of the study includes the electronic resources related to the research subject and, in the quantitative section, 60 distance education experts in the field of planning in virtual learning environments and virtual universities so that 36 of these experts were voluntarily selected as the study sample. Results: Content analysis results showed 4 dimensions and 16 criteria. The evaluation results of the experts also showed that interacting with the global network, the ease of online interactions with learners and other organizations, and the possibility of receiving electronic assignments or workbooks during the course, are regarded as the most important ethical characteristics of Courses online MOOC courses; security and privacy of individuals ought to be considered in their interactions, observance of the principles related to confidentiality with regards to the files or marks, with other participants through emails, chats, forums, etc.Conclusions: In these courses, the features of online courses and openness for enrollment are emphasized and predominant. Therefore, there is no need to get involved in new ethical features. Since the maximum current size of online classes is 60 students, various factors of these indicators such as learner agents, instructive organization, content, and teaching and learning environment ought to be accurately studied. Given that the capacity of learners may reach the limit of hundreds and thousands, the kind of considered ethics should be beyond the procedure implemented for online classes.

Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on modifying the attitude towards marriage of girls who were victims of sexual abuse.Method: In this research, a. Quasi- experimental single-case study design was used. As of 2020/9/12, the statistical population included all Girls who experienced sexual abuse in childhood in Tehran. Three participants were selected through purposive sampling and participated in the individual counseling schema therapy sessions lasting 16 sessions of 60 minutes each. The participants completed the pretreatment (3 baseline) Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1998) and Marrital Attitude Scale (Braaten and Rosén, 1998). Also, at the beginning of the fifth, ninth, and thirteenth sessions, as well as at the end of the sixteenth session and the follow-up periods of three weeks, six weeks, and nine weeks, they completed the questionnaire. SPSS 25 software was used for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (effect size) were used to determine significance. The analysis of data was done using visual analysis charts, Statistical significance, and clinical significance (P ≤ 0.05).Results: The findings, showed that schema therapy was effective in reducing the intensity of initial maladaptive schemas and modifying the attitude towards marriage of victims of sexual abuse.Conclusion: Considering the application of schema therapy in reducing the intensity of initial maladaptive schemas and modifying the attitude towards marriage of victims of sexual abuse, the present approach can be used as a therapeutic program to help people who have been sexually abused, especially children.