درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper is concerned with the saddle-path stability of monetary growth rules in a two-country two-sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Alongside standard features of emerging economies, such as a combination of producer and local currency pricing for exports, fiscal dominance and oil exports, this model also incorporates informal labour and production sectors and examines how these features matter in the context of monetary policy in emerging economies. We estimate the model on Iran and US data for home and foreign block respectively using Bayesian estimation techniques. Under a benchmark instruments of monetary policy, we show that a Taylor-type money growth rule rather than interest rate, even up to a four period ahead forward-looking has complete stability and determinacy properties in the economy which is also hold regardless of the level of asset market participation, therefore the inverted Taylor principles does not apply in our economy. Our findings confirm the important propagation channels which are active in the emerging economies and taking into account these features is essential for any policy-related study, such as the stabilizer effect of terms of trade between formal and informal sector, buffer behaviour of informal sector which is dampened in the model of higher informal frictions, disturbance effects of credit constrained household on the business cycle fluctuations and finally, monetary policy shock which is less effective in an environment of high share of informal sector, low informal frictions, high share of limited asset market participations and a trade autarky economy.

Considering global warming and importance of sustainable growth in economic sub-sectors, this paper presents and estimates an empirical model of renewable energy consumption for the industrial sector of selected OPEC and non-OPEC countries over the period 1990-2014. Panel co-integration estimates by Pedroni (1999,2004) and Westerlund (2005,2006) show that, in the long term, increases in industrial value added per capita, real oil prices, and CO2 per capita are found to be major drivers behind per capita renewable energy consumption for both OPEC and Non-OPEC nations. Panel Granger causality by the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) method confirms that there are bi-directional causality relationship between research variables and therefore verify feedback hypothesis. Finally, FMOLS and DOLS results show that when industrial value added per person increases, per capital renewable energy consumption increases by greater magnitude in non-OPEC than OPEC countries; also an increase in CO2 emissions per person increases per capita renewable energy consumption by greater amount in non-OPEC than OPEC nations.

Profit rate stickiness means the asymmetric behavior of banking profit rate with respect to positive and negative shocks. Scrutinizing this behavior would suggest a new perspective on policy tools and banking supervision. In this regard, this paper applies hidden panel cointegration, proposed by Hatemi-J (2018), to study profit rate and bank specific characteristics nexus for all banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange [TSE] during 2008-2017. This approach, in addition to analyzing the long-term relationship between variables, has another important capability for modeling asymmetry between variables. It has been shown that there is a long-run non-linear relationship between cumulative positive and negative components of variables. Then, asymmetric relationships are measured by using Panel DOLS. The results indicate that the main causes of profit rate asymmetry are liquidity and credit risks, and there is a downward direction of profit rate stickiness. Finally, the SCP paradigm is well-supported in Iran’s banking system. It seems Central Bank of Iran [CBI] needs to be mindful of anticompetitive effects of bank mergers firstly; and secondly, require banks to meet more stringent liquidity requirements and force them to stop roll over defaulted loans into new loans to increase the quality of banks’ assets.